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Diffusion processes are a class of stochastic differential equations (SDEs) providing a rich family of expressive models that arise naturally in dynamic modelling tasks. Probabilistic inference and learning under generative models with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-28 Prakhar Verma , Vincent Adam , Arno Solin

Diffusion models have revolutionized various application domains, including computer vision and audio generation. Despite the state-of-the-art performance, diffusion models are known for their slow sample generation due to the extensive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Zehao Dou , Minshuo Chen , Mengdi Wang , Zhuoran Yang

Diffusion generative models unlock new possibilities for inverse problems as they allow for the incorporation of strong empirical priors in scientific inference. Recently, diffusion models are repurposed for solving inverse problems using…

Diffusion models are commonly interpreted as learning the score function, i.e., the gradient of the log-density of noisy data. However, this assumption implies that the target of learning is a conservative vector field, which is not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 An B. Vuong , Michael T. McCann , Javier E. Santos , Yen Ting Lin

Diffusion-based generative models have emerged as highly effective methods for synthesizing high-quality samples. Recent works have focused on analyzing the convergence of their generation process with minimal assumptions, either through…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-08-25 Nishant Jain , Tong Zhang

Part I of this work [2] developed the exact diffusion algorithm to remove the bias that is characteristic of distributed solutions for deterministic optimization problems. The algorithm was shown to be applicable to a larger set of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-12-27 Kun Yuan , Bicheng Ying , Xiaochuan Zhao , Ali H. Sayed

Diffusion-based generative models learn to iteratively transfer unstructured noise to a complex target distribution as opposed to Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) or the decoder of Variational Autoencoders (VAEs) which produce samples…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-26 Sarthak Mittal , Guillaume Lajoie , Stefan Bauer , Arash Mehrjou

Diffusion (score-based) generative models have been widely used for modeling various types of complex data, including images, audios, and point clouds. Recently, the deep connection between forward-backward stochastic differential equations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Weitao Du , Tao Yang , He Zhang , Yuanqi Du

Diffusion approximation provides weak approximation for stochastic gradient descent algorithms in a finite time horizon. In this paper, we introduce new tools motivated by the backward error analysis of numerical stochastic differential…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-05 Yuanyuan Feng , Tingran Gao , Lei Li , Jian-Guo Liu , Yulong Lu

Diffusion models have recently emerged as powerful stochastic frameworks for high-dimensional inference and generation. However, existing applications to partial differential equations (PDEs) predominantly rely on physics-informed training…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-04-03 Yi Bing , Liu Jia , Fu Jinyang , Peng Xiang

Diffusion generative models have emerged as powerful tools for producing synthetic data from an empirically observed distribution. A common approach involves simulating the time-reversal of an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (OU) process initialized at…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-02 Valentin de Bortoli , Romuald Elie , Anna Kazeykina , Zhenjie Ren , Jiacheng Zhang

We present a supervised learning framework of training generative models for density estimation. Generative models, including generative adversarial networks, normalizing flows, variational auto-encoders, are usually considered as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Yanfang Liu , Minglei Yang , Zezhong Zhang , Feng Bao , Yanzhao Cao , Guannan Zhang

Diffusion models accomplish remarkable success in data generation tasks across various domains. However, the iterative sampling process is computationally expensive. Consistency models are proposed to learn consistency functions to map from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Yiding Chen , Yiyi Zhang , Owen Oertell , Wen Sun

Typical generative diffusion models rely on a Gaussian diffusion process for training the backward transformations, which can then be used to generate samples from Gaussian noise. However, real world data often takes place in discrete-state…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-19 Javier E Santos , Zachary R. Fox , Nicholas Lubbers , Yen Ting Lin

Denoising diffusion models have become ubiquitous for generative modeling. The core idea is to transport the data distribution to a Gaussian by using a diffusion. Approximate samples from the data distribution are then obtained by…

Inverse problems describe the process of estimating the causal factors from a set of measurements or data. Mapping of often incomplete or degraded data to parameters is ill-posed, thus data-driven iterative solutions are required, for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Weitong Zhang , Chengqi Zang , Liu Li , Sarah Cechnicka , Cheng Ouyang , Bernhard Kainz

Diffusion models, which convert noise into new data instances by learning to reverse a Markov diffusion process, have become a cornerstone in contemporary generative modeling. While their practical power has now been widely recognized, the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-03-08 Gen Li , Yuting Wei , Yuxin Chen , Yuejie Chi

Generative models can be categorized into two types: explicit generative models that define explicit density forms and allow exact likelihood inference, such as score-based diffusion models (SDMs) and normalizing flows; implicit generative…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-07-06 Jingwei Zhang , Han Shi , Jincheng Yu , Enze Xie , Zhenguo Li

Despite the widespread adoption of deterministic samplers in diffusion models (DMs), their potential limitations remain largely unexplored. In this paper, we identify collapse errors, a previously unrecognized phenomenon in ODE-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Yi Zhang , Zhenyu Liao , Jingfeng Wu , Difan Zou

We investigate Gaussian Universality for data distributions generated via diffusion models. By Gaussian Universality we mean that the test error of a generalized linear model $f(\mathbf{W})$ trained for a classification task on the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-09-30 Reza Ghane , Anthony Bao , Danil Akhtiamov , Babak Hassibi