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Time crystals, a phase showing spontaneous breaking of time-translation symmetry, has been an intriguing subject for systems far away from equilibrium. Recent experiments found such a phase both in the presence and absence of localization,…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2018-03-21 Biao Huang , Ying-Hai Wu , W. Vincent Liu

Time crystals form when arbitrary physical states of a periodically driven system spontaneously break discrete time-translation symmetry. We introduce one-dimensional time-crystalline topological superconductors, for which time-translation…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2020-03-11 Aaron Chew , David F. Mross , Jason Alicea

Superconductivity owes its properties to the phase of the electron pair condensate that breaks the $U(1)$ symmetry. In the most traditional ground state, the phase is uniform and rigid. The normal state can be unstable towards special…

Superconductivity · Physics 2020-02-05 P. Holmvall , M. Fogelström , T. Löfwander , A. B. Vorontsov

When the discrete time-translation symmetry of isolated, periodically driven systems is spontaneously broken, a new phase of matter can emerge. We review some recent developments on both the theoretical underpinnings and experimental…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-11-28 Norman Y. Yao , Chetan Nayak

Our understanding of phases of matter relies on symmetry breaking, one example being water ice whose crystalline structure breaks the continuous translation symmetry of space. Recently, breaking of time translation symmetry was observed in…

Time crystals appear when systems display a commensurate spontaneous breaking of the discrete time translational invariance imposed by an external periodic drive. No consensus on the definition has been reached as yet, but important aspects…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-01-18 Robin Schäfer , Götz S. Uhrig , Joachim Stolze

We investigate the effect of white-noise disorder on the local phase stiffness and thermodynamic properties of a two-dimensional $s$-wave superconductor. Starting from a local attractive model and using path-integral formalism, we derive an…

Superconductivity · Physics 2025-10-13 Sudipta Biswas , A. Taraphder , Sudhansu S. Mandal

Time crystals are many-body systems that spontaneously break time-translation symmetry, and thus exhibit long-range spatiotemporal order and robust periodic motion. Recent results have demonstrated how to build time-crystal phases in driven…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-04-11 R. Hurtado-Gutiérrez , C. Pérez-Espigares , P. I. Hurtado

We investigate the emergence of a time-crystalline phase in a single-band holographic superconductor, extending the AdS/CFT framework. By incorporating a nonlinear gauge-scalar coupling and external driving, we derive coupled equations of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-04-07 Chi-Hsien Tai , Wen-Yu Wen

As a superconducting thin film becomes disordered and subject to an increasing magnetic field, a point is reached when it undergoes a transition from a superconducting to an insulating state. We use the Bogoliubov-De-Gennes equations and a…

Superconductivity · Physics 2009-11-13 Yonatan Dubi , Yigal Meir , Yshai Avishai

We study the quench dynamics of a two dimensional superconductor in a lattice of size up to $200\times 200$ employing the self-consistent time dependent Bogoliubov-de Gennes (BdG) formalism. In the clean limit, the dynamics of the order…

Superconductivity · Physics 2024-08-14 Bo Fan , Antonio M. García-García

Despite being forbidden in equilibrium, spontaneous breaking of time translation symmetry can occur in periodically driven, Floquet systems with discrete time-translation symmetry. The period of the resulting discrete time crystal is…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2017-06-21 Norman Y. Yao , Andrew C. Potter , Ionut-Dragos Potirniche , Ashvin Vishwanath

The simultaneous interplay of strong electron-electron correlations, topological zero-energy states, and disorder is yet an unexplored territory but of immense interest due to their inevitable presence in many materials. Copper oxide…

A model demonstrating existence of a thermodynamically stable quantum time-space crystal has been proposed and studied. This state is characterized by an order parameter periodic in both real and imaginary times. The average of the order…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2019-12-25 Konstantin B. Efetov

We introduce the time glass, a non-periodic analogue of the discrete time crystal that arises in periodically driven dissipative quantum many-body systems. This phase is defined by two key features: (i) spatial long-range order arising from…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-03-11 Taiki Haga

We study the effect of disorder symmetry in a disordered s-wave superconductor. We begin with an attractive Hubbard model on a two-dimensional square lattice in the presence of diagonal- and off-diagonal disorder. The model is studied…

Superconductivity · Physics 2013-02-11 Sanjeev Kumar , Prabuddha B. Chakraborty

We consider excitation of Higgs modes via the modulation of the BCS coupling within the Migdal-Eliashberg-Keldysh theory of time-dependent superconductivity. Despite the presence of phonons, which break integrability, we observe Higgs…

Superconductivity · Physics 2025-01-15 Andrey Grankin , Victor Galitski , Vadim Oganesyan

Competition between superconductivity and disorder plays an essential role in understanding the metal-insulator transition. Based on the Bogoliubov-de Gennes equation, we studied an s-wave superconductor with both spin-orbit coupling and…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2016-05-12 Sheng Liu , Xiang-Fa Zhou , Guang-Can Guo , Yong-Sheng Zhang

Time crystals are many-body systems whose ground state spontaneously breaks time-translation symmetry and thus exhibits long-range spatiotemporal order and robust periodic motion. Using hydrodynamics, we have recently shown how an…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-12-15 R. Hurtado-Gutiérrez , C. Pérez-Espigares , P. I. Hurtado

Understanding how temporal order degrades in quantum systems remains a central issue in nonequilibrium physics. Here we study the melting of discrete time crystals in a periodically driven holographic system, where a distinct (discrete)…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-04-16 Yu-Qi Lei , Xian-Hui Ge , Yu Tian , Shao-Feng Wu
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