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This study addresses the challenges of analyzing temporal discrepancies in large language models (LLMs) trained on data from different time periods. To facilitate the automatic exploration of these differences, we propose a novel system…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Reinhard Friedrich Fritsch , Adam Jatowt

Knowledge is inherently time-sensitive and continuously evolves over time. Although current Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems enrich LLMs with external knowledge, they largely ignore this temporal nature. This raises two…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Jiale Han , Austin Cheung , Yubai Wei , Zheng Yu , Xusheng Wang , Bing Zhu , Yi Yang

Humankind's understanding of the world is fundamentally linked to our perception and cognition, with \emph{human languages} serving as one of the major carriers of \emph{world knowledge}. In this vein, \emph{Large Language Models} (LLMs)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Huajun Chen

Knowledge graph completion (KGC) aims to infer new knowledge and make predictions from knowledge graphs. Recently, large language models (LLMs) have exhibited remarkable reasoning capabilities. LLM-enhanced KGC methods primarily focus on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Yu Liu , Yanan Cao , Xixun Lin , Yanmin Shang , Shi Wang , Shirui Pan

The advent of large language models (LLMs) has allowed numerous applications, including the generation of queried responses, to be leveraged in chatbots and other conversational assistants. Being trained on a plethora of data, LLMs often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Deeksha Prahlad , Chanhee Lee , Dongha Kim , Hokeun Kim

In real-world scientific discovery, human beings always make use of the accumulated prior knowledge with imagination pick select one or a few most promising hypotheses from large and noisy data analysis results. In this study, we introduce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-29 Haoran Song , Jiarui Feng , Guangfu Li , Michael Province , Philip Payne , Yixin Chen , Fuhai Li

Large language models (LLMs) have shown significant progress in reasoning tasks. However, recent studies show that transformers and LLMs fail catastrophically once reasoning problems exceed modest complexity. We revisit these findings…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Revanth Rameshkumar , Jimson Huang , Yunxin Sun , Fei Xia , Abulhair Saparov

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong capabilities across diverse NLP applications, such as translation, text generation, and question answering. Nevertheless, they remain limited in complex settings that demand deep…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Xin Zhang , Yang Cao , Baoxing Wu , Kai Song , Siying Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable reasoning capabilities on complex tasks, but they still suffer from out-of-date knowledge, hallucinations, and opaque decision-making. In contrast, Knowledge Graphs (KGs) can provide…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Liyi Chen , Panrong Tong , Zhongming Jin , Ying Sun , Jieping Ye , Hui Xiong

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate strong reasoning abilities when prompted to generate chain-of-thought (CoT) explanations alongside answers. However, previous research on evaluating LLMs has solely focused on answer accuracy,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Minh-Vuong Nguyen , Linhao Luo , Fatemeh Shiri , Dinh Phung , Yuan-Fang Li , Thuy-Trang Vu , Gholamreza Haffari

Question Answering over Knowledge Graph (KGQA) aims to seek answer entities for the natural language question from a large-scale Knowledge Graph~(KG). To better perform reasoning on KG, recent work typically adopts a pre-trained language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-02 Jinhao Jiang , Kun Zhou , Wayne Xin Zhao , Yaliang Li , Ji-Rong Wen

In recent years, efforts have been made to use text information for better user profiling and item characterization in recommendations. However, text information can sometimes be of low quality, hindering its effectiveness for real-world…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-15 Yingpeng Du , Ziyan Wang , Zhu Sun , Haoyan Chua , Hongzhi Liu , Zhonghai Wu , Yining Ma , Jie Zhang , Youchen Sun

Semantic Knowledge Graphs (SKG) face challenges with scalability, flexibility, contextual understanding, and handling unstructured or ambiguous information. However, they offer formal and structured knowledge enabling highly interpretable…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Aldo Gangemi , Andrea Giovanni Nuzzolese

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated immense advances in a wide range of natural language tasks. However, these models are susceptible to hallucinations and errors on particularly temporal understanding tasks involving multiple…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Alexandru Dumitru , V Venktesh , Adam Jatowt , Avishek Anand

Temporal reasoning is a crucial NLP task, providing a nuanced understanding of time-sensitive contexts within textual data. Although recent advancements in LLMs have demonstrated their potential in temporal reasoning, the predominant focus…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Chenhan Yuan , Qianqian Xie , Jimin Huang , Sophia Ananiadou

Large Language Models (LLMs) achieve strong performance through extended inference-time deliberation, yet how their reasoning failures arise remains poorly understood. By analyzing model-generated reasoning trajectories, we find that errors…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Wei Zhu , Jian Zhang , Lixing Yu , Kun Yue , Zhiwen Tang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful tools for generating coherent text, understanding context, and performing reasoning tasks. However, they struggle with temporal reasoning, which requires processing time-related…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Adrián Bazaga , Rexhina Blloshmi , Bill Byrne , Adrià de Gispert

Integrating structured knowledge from Knowledge Graphs (KGs) into Large Language Models (LLMs) enhances factual grounding and reasoning capabilities. This survey paper systematically examines the synergy between KGs and LLMs, categorizing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Blaž Škrlj , Boshko Koloski , Senja Pollak , Nada Lavrač

Knowledge graphs play a vital role in numerous artificial intelligence tasks, yet they frequently face the issue of incompleteness. In this study, we explore utilizing Large Language Models (LLM) for knowledge graph completion. We consider…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Liang Yao , Jiazhen Peng , Chengsheng Mao , Yuan Luo

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong performance across a wide range of tasks, yet they still struggle with complex mathematical reasoning, a challenge fundamentally rooted in deep structural dependencies. To address this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Lei Zan , Keli Zhang , Ruichu Cai , Lujia Pan