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Deep neural networks (DNNs) have recently emerged as effective tools for approximating solution operators of partial differential equations (PDEs) including evolutionary problems. Classical numerical solvers for such PDEs often face…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-09-05 Ke Chen , Meenakshi Krishnan , Haizhao Yang

Solving partial differential equations (PDEs) using neural networks has become a central focus in scientific machine learning. Training neural networks for singularly perturbed problems is particularly challenging due to certain parameters…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Chuqi Chen , Yahong Yang , Yang Xiang , Wenrui Hao

An activation function is an element-wise mathematical function and plays a crucial role in deep neural networks (DNN). Many novel and sophisticated activation functions have been proposed to improve the DNN accuracy but also consume…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-23 Cong Guo , Yuxian Qiu , Jingwen Leng , Chen Zhang , Ying Cao , Quanlu Zhang , Yunxin Liu , Fan Yang , Minyi Guo

This article presents a new methodology called deep Theory of Functional Connections (TFC) that estimates the solutions of partial differential equations (PDEs) by combining neural networks with TFC. TFC is used to transform PDEs with…

Numerical Analysis · Computer Science 2020-03-19 Carl Leake

We proposed a framework for solving inverse problems in differential equations based on neural networks and automatic differentiation. Neural networks are used to approximate hidden fields. We analyze the source of errors in the framework…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-12-20 Kailai Xu , Eric Darve

The solution to partial differential equations using deep learning approaches has shown promising results for several classes of initial and boundary-value problems. However, their ability to surpass, particularly in terms of accuracy,…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-08-23 Ziad Aldirany , Régis Cottereau , Marc Laforest , Serge Prudhomme

Verification of Neural Networks (NNs) that approximate the solution of Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) is a major milestone towards enhancing their trustworthiness and accelerating their deployment, especially for safety-critical…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-13 Petros Ellinas , Rahul Nellikath , Ignasi Ventura , Jochen Stiasny , Spyros Chatzivasileiadis

Numerical solution of partial differential equations (PDEs) plays a vital role in various fields of science and engineering. In recent years, deep neural networks (DNNs) have emerged as a powerful tool for solving PDEs, leveraging their…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-02-16 Shuo Ling , Wenjun Ying , Zhen Zhang

A large class of non-smooth practical optimization problems can be written as minimization of a sum of smooth and partly smooth functions. We examine such structured problems which also depend on a parameter vector and study the problem of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-10-28 Sheheryar Mehmood , Peter Ochs

Scientific machine learning is an emerging field that broadly describes the combination of scientific computing and machine learning to address challenges in science and engineering. Within the context of differential equations, this has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Laurens R. Lueg , Victor Alves , Daniel Schicksnus , John R. Kitchin , Carl D. Laird , Lorenz T. Biegler

Recent work has shown that forward- and reverse- mode automatic differentiation (AD) over the reals is almost always correct in a mathematically precise sense. However, actual programs work with machine-representable numbers (e.g.,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Wonyeol Lee , Sejun Park , Alex Aiken

The use of neural networks to approximate partial differential equations (PDEs) has gained significant attention in recent years. However, the approximation of PDEs with localised phenomena, e.g., sharp gradients and singularities, remains…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-01-30 Santiago Badia , Wei Li , Alberto F. Martín

The conjoining of dynamical systems and deep learning has become a topic of great interest. In particular, neural differential equations (NDEs) demonstrate that neural networks and differential equation are two sides of the same coin.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-08 Patrick Kidger

This work proposes an autoencoder neural network as a non-linear generalization of projection-based methods for solving Partial Differential Equations (PDEs). The proposed deep learning architecture presented is capable of generating the…

Computational Physics · Physics 2020-06-25 Jaime Lopez Garcia , Angel Rivero Jimenez

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have recently emerged as an alternative way of solving partial differential equations (PDEs) without the need of building elaborate grids, instead, using a straightforward implementation. In…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2019-09-04 Dongkun Zhang , Lu Lu , Ling Guo , George Em Karniadakis

Can neural networks learn to solve partial differential equations (PDEs)? We investigate this question for two (systems of) PDEs, namely, the Poisson equation and the steady Navier--Stokes equations. The contributions of this paper are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-16 Tim Dockhorn

Deep learning methods - usually consisting of a class of deep neural networks (DNNs) trained by a stochastic gradient descent (SGD) optimization method - are nowadays omnipresent in data-driven learning problems as well as in scientific…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-01-13 Steffen Dereich , Arnulf Jentzen , Adrian Riekert

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in leveraging deep learning and neural networks to address scientific problems, particularly in solving partial differential equations (PDEs). However, many neural network-based methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-24 Adrian Celaya , Keegan Kirk , David Fuentes , Beatrice Riviere

Recent works have shown that deep neural networks can be employed to solve partial differential equations, giving rise to the framework of physics informed neural networks. We introduce a generalization for these methods that manifests as a…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-03-25 Remco van der Meer , Cornelis Oosterlee , Anastasia Borovykh

Discovering the underlying physical behavior of complex systems is a crucial, but less well-understood topic in many engineering disciplines. This study proposes a finite-difference inspired convolutional neural network framework to learn…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-30 Nur Sila Gulgec , Zheng Shi , Neil Deshmukh , Shamim Pakzad , Martin Takáč