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In large language model (LLM) agents, reasoning trajectories are treated as reliable internal beliefs for guiding actions and updating memory. However, coherent reasoning can still violate logical or evidential constraints, allowing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Wenhao Yuan , Chenchen Lin , Jian Chen , Jinfeng Xu , Xuehe Wang , Edith Cheuk Han Ngai

The math abilities of large language models can represent their abstract reasoning ability. In this paper, we introduce and open-source our math reasoning LLMs InternLM-Math which is continue pre-trained from InternLM2. We unify…

Although large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable performance across various tasks, they remain prone to errors. A key challenge is enabling them to self-correct. While prior research has relied on external tools or large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Viktor Moskvoretskii , Chris Biemann , Irina Nikishina

We introduce SELF-DISCOVER, a general framework for LLMs to self-discover the task-intrinsic reasoning structures to tackle complex reasoning problems that are challenging for typical prompting methods. Core to the framework is a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Pei Zhou , Jay Pujara , Xiang Ren , Xinyun Chen , Heng-Tze Cheng , Quoc V. Le , Ed H. Chi , Denny Zhou , Swaroop Mishra , Huaixiu Steven Zheng

Large language models (LLMs) can "lie", which we define as outputting false statements despite "knowing" the truth in a demonstrable sense. LLMs might "lie", for example, when instructed to output misinformation. Here, we develop a simple…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-28 Lorenzo Pacchiardi , Alex J. Chan , Sören Mindermann , Ilan Moscovitz , Alexa Y. Pan , Yarin Gal , Owain Evans , Jan Brauner

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have incorporated planning and reasoning capabilities, enabling models to outline steps before execution and provide transparent reasoning paths. This enhancement has reduced errors in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-31 Sudarshan Kamath Barkur , Sigurd Schacht , Johannes Scholl

Large language models (LLMs), such as GPT-3 and GPT-4, have demonstrated exceptional performance in various natural language processing tasks and have shown the ability to solve certain reasoning problems. However, their reasoning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Adam Ishay , Zhun Yang , Joohyung Lee

Large Language Models (LLMs) have impressive capabilities, but are prone to outputting falsehoods. Recent work has developed techniques for inferring whether a LLM is telling the truth by training probes on the LLM's internal activations.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Samuel Marks , Max Tegmark

Large Language Models (LLMs) can generate factually inaccurate content even if they have corresponding knowledge, which critically undermines their reliability. Existing approaches attempt to mitigate this by incorporating uncertainty in QA…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Xiaoning Dong , Chengyan Wu , Yajie Wen , Yu Chen , Yun Xue , Jing Zhang , Wei Xu , Bolei Ma

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated self-improvement capabilities via feedback and refinement, but current small language models (SLMs) have had limited success in this area. Existing correction approaches often rely on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Chia-Hsuan Lee , Hao Cheng , Mari Ostendorf

This study investigates the internal information flow of large language models (LLMs) while performing chain-of-thought (CoT) style reasoning. Specifically, with a particular interest in the faithfulness of the CoT explanation to LLMs'…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Keito Kudo , Yoichi Aoki , Tatsuki Kuribayashi , Shusaku Sone , Masaya Taniguchi , Ana Brassard , Keisuke Sakaguchi , Kentaro Inui

Large Language Models (LLMs) often produce plausible but poorly-calibrated answers, limiting their reliability on reasoning-intensive tasks. We present Reinforcement Learning from Self-Feedback (RLSF), a post-training stage that uses the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Carel van Niekerk , Renato Vukovic , Benjamin Matthias Ruppik , Hsien-chin Lin , Milica Gašić

A central piece in enabling intelligent agentic behavior in foundation models is to make them capable of introspecting upon their behavior, reasoning, and correcting their mistakes as more computation or interaction is available. Even the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-29 Yuxiao Qu , Tianjun Zhang , Naman Garg , Aviral Kumar

Few-shot or zero-shot fact verification only relies on a few or no labeled training examples. In this paper, we propose a novel method called ProToCo, to \underline{Pro}mpt pre-trained language models (PLMs) \underline{To} be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Fengzhu Zeng , Wei Gao

Grounded claim factuality checking is important for large language model (LLM) applications such as retrieval-augmented generation, as it helps users assess the correctness of generated outputs. Existing metrics using entailment classifiers…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Yuxuan Ye , Raul Santos-Rodriguez , Edwin Simpson

Large language models (LLMs) often benefit from intermediate steps of reasoning to generate answers to complex problems. When these intermediate steps of reasoning are used to monitor the activity of the model, it is essential that this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-02 Fabien Roger , Ryan Greenblatt

Best-of-N decoding methods instruct large language models (LLMs) to generate multiple solutions, score each using a scoring function, and select the highest scored as the final answer to mathematical reasoning problems. However, this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Zhenyu Wu , Qingkai Zeng , Zhihan Zhang , Zhaoxuan Tan , Chao Shen , Meng Jiang

Advances in training, post-training, and inference-time methods have enabled frontier reasoning models to win gold medals in math competitions and settle challenging open problems. Gaining trust in the responses of these models requires…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Aaditya Naik , Guruprerana Shabadi , Rajeev Alur , Mayur Naik

Large Language Models (LLMs) have exhibited remarkable performance across various natural language processing (NLP) tasks. However, fine-tuning these models often necessitates substantial supervision, which can be expensive and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Jing-Cheng Pang , Pengyuan Wang , Kaiyuan Li , Xiong-Hui Chen , Jiacheng Xu , Zongzhang Zhang , Yang Yu

Large language models (LLMs) are typically deployed with fixed parameters, and their performance is often improved by allocating more computation at inference time. While such test-time scaling can be effective, it cannot correct model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Chaehee Song , Minseok Seo , Yeeun Seong , Doyi Kim , Changick Kim
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