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Transformer models often exhibit brittle extrapolation, failing on inputs that are longer or structurally more complex than those seen during training. We introduce Counter-Example-Driven Curricula (CEDC), an automated framework that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Harshil Vejendla

While reinforcement learning (RL) has achieved great success in acquiring complex skills solely from environmental interactions, it assumes that resets to the initial state are readily available at the end of each episode. Such an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-12 Jigang Kim , Daesol Cho , H. Jin Kim

Reinforcement learning (RL) has proven effective for fine-tuning large language models (LLMs), significantly enhancing their reasoning abilities in domains such as mathematics and code generation. A crucial factor influencing RL fine-tuning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Xiaoyin Chen , Jiarui Lu , Minsu Kim , Dinghuai Zhang , Jian Tang , Alexandre Piché , Nicolas Gontier , Yoshua Bengio , Ehsan Kamalloo

Masked image modeling has been demonstrated as a powerful pretext task for generating robust representations that can be effectively generalized across multiple downstream tasks. Typically, this approach involves randomly masking patches…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-29 Neelu Madan , Nicolae-Catalin Ristea , Kamal Nasrollahi , Thomas B. Moeslund , Radu Tudor Ionescu

In the field of signal processing for robotics, the inverse kinematics of robot arms presents a significant challenge due to multiple solutions caused by redundant degrees of freedom (DOFs). Precision is also a crucial performance indicator…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Qu Weiming , Liu Tianlin , Du Jiawei , Luo Dingsheng

Self-supervision has the potential to transform reinforcement learning (RL), paralleling the breakthroughs it has enabled in other areas of machine learning. While self-supervised learning in other domains aims to find patterns in a fixed…

Single-task RL agents are typically trained under a fixed reward function, which limits their robustness to reward misspecification and their ability to adapt to changing preferences. We introduce Reward-Conditioned Reinforcement Learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Michal Nauman , Marek Cygan , Pieter Abbeel

Self-paced reinforcement learning (RL) aims to improve the data efficiency of learning by automatically creating sequences, namely curricula, of probability distributions over contexts. However, existing techniques for self-paced RL fail in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Cevahir Koprulu , Ufuk Topcu

With the increasing demand for efficient and flexible robotic exploration solutions, Reinforcement Learning (RL) is becoming a promising approach in the field of autonomous robotic exploration. However, current RL-based exploration…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Chunyu Yang , Shengben Bi , Yihui Xu , Xin Zhang

Event-triggered model predictive control (eMPC) is a popular optimal control method with an aim to alleviate the computation and/or communication burden of MPC. However, it generally requires priori knowledge of the closed-loop system…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-08-23 Fengying Dang , Dong Chen , Jun Chen , Zhaojian Li

Adaptive curricula in reinforcement learning (RL) have proven effective for producing policies robust to discrepancies between the train and test environment. Recently, the Unsupervised Environment Design (UED) framework generalized RL…

Reinforcement learning (RL) enables an agent interacting with an unknown MDP $M$ to optimise its behaviour by observing transitions sampled from $M$. A natural entity that emerges in the agent's reasoning is $\widehat{M}$, the maximum…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Shivaram Kalyanakrishnan , Sheel Shah , Santhosh Kumar Guguloth

Meta-learning is a branch of machine learning which aims to quickly adapt models, such as neural networks, to perform new tasks by learning an underlying structure across related tasks. In essence, models are being trained to learn new…

In curriculum reinforcement learning (CRL), an agent incrementally accumulates knowledge over a sequence of tasks (i.e., a curriculum), and the learning process is aimed at using the accumulated knowledge to finally solve a challenging…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Yongyan Wen , Siyuan Li , Mingjian Fu , Yiqin Yang , Xun Wang , Peng Liu

Training agents to act in embodied environments typically requires vast training data or access to accurate simulation, neither of which exists for many cases in the real world. Instead, world models are emerging as an alternative…

Artificial intelligence (AI) and reinforcement learning (RL) have shown significant promise in wireless systems, enabling dynamic spectrum allocation, traffic management, and large-scale Internet of Things (IoT) coordination. However, their…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Abdikarim Mohamed Ibrahim , Rosdiadee Nordin

Real-world robot manipulation in dynamic unstructured environments requires lifelong adaptability to evolving objects, scenes and tasks. Traditional imitation learning relies on static training paradigms, which are ill-suited for lifelong…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Jingkai Xu , Xiangli Nie

Unsupervised reinforcement learning aims to acquire skills without prior goal representations, where an agent automatically explores an open-ended environment to represent goals and learn the goal-conditioned policy. However, this procedure…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-27 Jinxin Liu , Hao Shen , Donglin Wang , Yachen Kang , Qiangxing Tian

Advancing safe autonomous systems through reinforcement learning (RL) requires robust benchmarks to evaluate performance, analyze methods, and assess agent competencies. Humans primarily rely on embodied visual perception to safely navigate…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Tristan Tomilin , Meng Fang , Mykola Pechenizkiy

The focus of this study is on Unsupervised Continual Learning (UCL), as it presents an alternative to Supervised Continual Learning which needs high-quality manual labeled data. The experiments under the UCL paradigm indicate a phenomenon…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Chen Cheng , Jingkuan Song , Xiaosu Zhu , Junchen Zhu , Lianli Gao , Hengtao Shen