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This work tries to contribute to the design of legged robots with capabilities boosted through thruster-assisted locomotion. Our long-term goal is the development of robots capable of negotiating unstructured environments, including land…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-06-09 Arthur C. B. de Oliveira , Alireza Ramezani

Sidewinding, a locomotion strategy characterized by the coordination of lateral and vertical body undulations, is frequently observed in rattlesnakes and has been successfully reconstructed by limbless robotic systems for effective movement…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Velin Kojouharov , Tianyu Wang , Matthew Fernandez , Jiyeon Maeng , Daniel I. Goldman

Crocodiles, known as one of the oldest and most resilient species on Earth, have demonstrated remarkable locomotor abilities both on land and in water, evolving over millennia to adapt to diverse environments. In this paper, we draw…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-11-06 Jun Wang , Jingya Zheng , Yuhang Zhao , Kai Yang

To traverse complex three-dimensional terrainwith large obstacles, animals and robots must transition across different modes. However, the most mechanistic understanding of terrestrial locomotion concerns how to generate and stabilize…

Biological Physics · Physics 2025-09-23 Ratan Othayoth , Qihan Xuan , Yaqing Wang , Chen Li

Robots still struggle to dynamically traverse complex 3-D terrain with many large obstacles, an ability required for many critical applications. Body-obstacle interaction is often inevitable and induces perturbation and uncertainty in…

Most legged robots are built with leg structures from serially mounted links and actuators and are controlled through complex controllers and sensor feedback. In comparison, animals developed multi-segment legs, mechanical coupling between…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-02-09 Abhishek Chatterjee , An Mo , Bernadett Kiss , Emre Cemal Gönen , Alexander Badri-Spröwitz

Legged robots must exhibit robust and agile locomotion across diverse, unstructured terrains, a challenge exacerbated under blind locomotion settings where terrain information is unavailable. This work introduces a hierarchical…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Matheus P. Angarola , Francisco Affonso , Marcelo Becker

Limbless locomotors, from microscopic worms to macroscopic snakes, traverse complex, heterogeneous natural environments typically using undulatory body wave propagation. Theoretical and robophysical models typically emphasize body…

Salamander-like quadruped robots are designed inspired by the skeletal structure of their biological counterparts. However, existing controllers cannot fully exploit these morphological features and largely rely on predefined gait patterns…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Zhiang Liu , Yang Liu , Yongchun Fang , Xian Guo

Legged locomotion is a highly promising but under-researched subfield within the field of soft robotics. The compliant limbs of soft-limbed robots offer numerous benefits, including the ability to regulate impacts, tolerate falls, and…

In nature, a variety of limbless locomotion patterns flourish from the small or basic life form (Escherichia coli, the amoeba, etc.) to the large or intelligent creatures (e.g., slugs, starfishes, earthworms, octopuses, jellyfishes, and…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2016-11-29 Liangliang Zhu , Yunteng Cao , Yilun Liu , Zhe Yang , Xi Chen

Legged rovers provide enhanced mobility compared to wheeled platforms, enabling navigation on steep and irregular planetary terrains. However, traditional legged locomotion might be energetically inefficient and potentially dangerous to the…

The capability of effectively moving on complex terrains such as sand and gravel can empower our robots to robustly operate in outdoor environments, and assist with critical tasks such as environment monitoring, search-and-rescue, and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Xingjue Liao , Wenhao Liu , Hao Wu , Feifei Qian

Robot controllers are often optimised for a single robot in a single environment. This approach proves brittle, as such a controller will often fail to produce sensible behavior for a new morphology or environment. In comparison, animal…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Emma Stensby Norstein , Kotaro Yasui , Takeshi Kano , Akio Ishiguro , Kyrre Glette

The term embodied intelligence (EI) conveys the notion that body morphology, material properties, interaction with the environment, and control strategies can be purposefully integrated into the process of robotic design to generate…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Nestor O. Perez-Arancibia

Legged robots must adapt their gait to navigate unpredictable environments, a challenge that animals master with ease. However, most deep reinforcement learning (DRL) approaches to quadruped locomotion rely on a fixed gait, limiting…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Joseph Humphreys , Chengxu Zhou

This paper introduces FlipWalker, a novel underactuated robot locomotion system inspired by Jacob's Ladder illusion toy, designed to traverse challenging terrains where wheeled robots often struggle. Like the Jacob's Ladder toy, FlipWalker…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Diancheng Li , Nia Ralston , Bastiaan Hagen , Phoebe Tan , Matthew A. Robertson

Centipedes exhibit great maneuverability in diverse environments due to their many legs and body-driven control. By leveraging similar morphologies and control strategies, their robotic counterparts also demonstrate effective terrestrial…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Esteban Flores , Baxi Chong , Daniel Soto , Daniel I. Goldman

Terrain adaptation is an essential capability for a ground robot to effectively traverse unstructured off-road terrain in real-world field environments such as forests. However, the expected robot behaviors generated by terrain adaptation…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-01-05 Sriram Siva , Maggie Wigness , John G. Rogers , Hao Zhang

The automatic design of robots has existed for 30 years but has been constricted by serial non-differentiable design evaluations, premature convergence to simple bodies or clumsy behaviors, and a lack of sim2real transfer to physical…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Luke Strgar , David Matthews , Tyler Hummer , Sam Kriegman