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Understanding how developers combine programming languages in practice reveals the hidden structure of the software ecosystem: which languages are used as complements, which define coherent technology stacks, and which bridge disparate…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Bachan Ghimire , Nitin Gupta

Although Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in NLP tasks, they still need external tools to extend their ability. Current research on tool learning with LLMs often assumes mandatory tool use, which does not always align with real-world…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Kangyun Ning , Yisong Su , Xueqiang Lv , Yuanzhe Zhang , Jian Liu , Kang Liu , Jinan Xu

Scaling training compute, measured in FLOPs, has long been shown to improve the accuracy of large language models, yet training remains resource-intensive. Prior work shows that increasing test-time compute (TTC)-for example through…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Hossam Amer , Maryam Dialameh , Hossein Rajabzadeh , Walid Ahmed , Weiwei Zhang , Yang Liu

Change impact analysis consists in predicting the impact of a code change in a software application. In this paper, we take a learning perspective on change impact analysis and consider the problem formulated as follows. The artifacts that…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-11-09 Vincenzo Musco , Antonin Carette , Martin Monperrus , Philippe Preux

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved state-of-the-art performance in various software engineering tasks, including error detection, clone detection, and code translation, primarily leveraging high-resource programming languages like…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Razan Baltaji , Saurabh Pujar , Louis Mandel , Martin Hirzel , Luca Buratti , Lav Varshney

Security vulnerabilities are increasingly prevalent in modern software and they are widely consequential to our society. Various approaches to defending against these vulnerabilities have been proposed, among which those leveraging deep…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-28 Yu Nong , Mohammed Aldeen , Long Cheng , Hongxin Hu , Feng Chen , Haipeng Cai

Context. Code understandability is fundamental. Developers need to understand the code they are modifying clearly. A low understandability can increase the amount of coding effort, and misinterpreting code impacts the entire development…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Matteo Esposito , Andrea Janes , Terhi Kilamo , Valentina Lenarduzzi

Predictive models for software projects' characteristics have been traditionally based on project-level metrics, employing only little developer-level information, or none at all. In this work we suggest novel metrics that capture temporal…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2016-12-01 Stanislav Levin , Amiram Yehudai

We present JAttack, a framework that enables template-based testing for compilers. Using JAttack, a developer writes a template program that describes a set of programs to be generated and given as test inputs to a compiler. Such a…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2022-09-13 Zhiqiang Zang , Nathan Wiatrek , Milos Gligoric , August Shi

Understanding how language models carry out long-horizon reasoning remains an open challenge. Existing interpretability methods often highlight tokens correlated with an answer, but rarely reveal where consequential reasoning turns occur,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Waldemar Chang

Context: Software Vulnerability Assessment (SVA) plays a vital role in evaluating and ranking vulnerabilities in software systems to ensure their security and reliability. Objective: Although Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently shown…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Zhijie Chen , Xiang Chen , Ziming Li , Jiacheng Xue , Chaoyang Gao

The integration of AI-assisted coding tools within development environments drastically reduces development time, and allows developers to focus more on creative and critical aspects of software engineering through the use of Code Large…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Kishanthan Thangarajah , Arthur Leung , Boyuan Chen , Ahmed E. Hassan

In the evolving landscape of large language models (LLMs) tailored for software engineering, the need for benchmarks that accurately reflect real-world development scenarios is paramount. Current benchmarks are either too simplistic or fail…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Zhengran Zeng , Yidong Wang , Rui Xie , Wei Ye , Shikun Zhang

The adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs) for code generation in data science offers substantial potential for enhancing tasks such as data manipulation, statistical analysis, and visualization. However, the effectiveness of these models…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Nathalia Nascimento , Everton Guimaraes , Sai Sanjna Chintakunta , Santhosh Anitha Boominathan

Increased availability of open-source software repositories and recent advances in code analysis using large language models (LLMs) has triggered a wave of new work to automate software engineering tasks that were previously very difficult…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-24 Marc Dillmann , Julien Siebert , Adam Trendowicz

Large language models (LLMs) have recently shown strong potential for generating project-level unit tests. However, existing state-of-the-art approaches primarily rely on execution-path information to guide prompt construction, which is…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Guancheng Wang , Qinghua Xu , Lionel C. Briand , Zhaoqiang Guo , Kui Liu

Large language models (LLMs) achieve state-of-the-art accuracy on complex reasoning tasks by generating multiple chain-of-thought (CoT) traces, but using a fixed token budget per query leads to over-computation on easy inputs and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Katrina Brown , Aneesh Muppidi , Rana Shahout

Programming Knowledge Tracing (PKT) has recently advanced through hybrid approaches that integrate attention-based feature modeling for code representation with RNN-based sequential prediction. While these models report strong empirical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Jaewook Kim , Hyeoncheol Kim

As large language models (LLMs) become more common in educational tools and programming environments, questions arise about how these systems should interact with users. This study investigates how different interaction styles with…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Kai Deng

Despite various approaches being employed to detect vulnerabilities, the number of reported vulnerabilities shows an upward trend over the years. This suggests the problems are not caught before the code is released, which could be caused…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Karl Tamberg , Hayretdin Bahsi