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The ability to combine linguistic guidance from others with direct experience is central to human development, enabling safe and rapid learning in new environments. How do people integrate these two sources of knowledge, and how might AI…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Cédric Colas , Tracey Mills , Ben Prystawski , Michael Henry Tessler , Noah Goodman , Jacob Andreas , Joshua Tenenbaum

Learning diagnosis is a critical task that monitors students' cognitive state during educational activities, with the goal of enhancing learning outcomes. With advancements in language models (LMs), many AI-driven educational studies have…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Fangzhou Yao , Sheng Chang , Weibo Gao , Qi Liu

Is child-directed language (CDL) optimized to support language learning, and which aspects of linguistic development does it facilitate? We investigate this question using neural language models trained on CDL versus adult-directed language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Francesca Padovani , Jaap Jumelet , Yevgen Matusevych , Arianna Bisazza

Both humans and large language models are able to learn language without explicit structural supervision. What inductive biases make this learning possible? We address this fundamental cognitive question by leveraging transformer language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Isabel Papadimitriou , Dan Jurafsky

Social skills training targets behaviors necessary for success in social interactions. However, traditional classroom training for such skills is often insufficient to teach effective communication -- one-to-one interaction in real-world…

Feedback is one of the most crucial components to facilitate effective learning. With the rise of large language models (LLMs) in recent years, research in programming education has increasingly focused on automated feedback generation to…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Niklas Scholz , Manh Hung Nguyen , Adish Singla , Tomohiro Nagashima

The named concepts and compositional operators present in natural language provide a rich source of information about the kinds of abstractions humans use to navigate the world. Can this linguistic background knowledge improve the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-11-03 Jacob Andreas , Dan Klein , Sergey Levine

Natural-language dialog is key for intuitive human-robot interaction. It can be used not only to express humans' intents, but also to communicate instructions for improvement if a robot does not understand a command correctly. Of great…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Leonard Bärmann , Rainer Kartmann , Fabian Peller-Konrad , Jan Niehues , Alex Waibel , Tamim Asfour

Conversational teachable agents offer a promising platform to support learning, both in the classroom and in remote settings. In this context, the agent takes the role of the novice, while the student takes on the role of teacher. This…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Rachel Love , Edith Law , Philip R. Cohen , Dana Kulić

Scaling existing applications and solutions to multiple human languages has traditionally proven to be difficult, mainly due to the language-dependent nature of preprocessing and feature engineering techniques employed in traditional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-01-01 Xiaotong Liu , Yingbei Tong , Anbang Xu , Rama Akkiraju

Prompt-based learning, with its capability to tackle zero-shot and few-shot NLP tasks, has gained much attention in community. The main idea is to bridge the gap between NLP downstream tasks and language modeling (LM), by mapping these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-21 Yulong Chen , Yang Liu , Li Dong , Shuohang Wang , Chenguang Zhu , Michael Zeng , Yue Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly embedded in AI-based tutoring systems. Can they faithfully model novice reasoning and metacognitive judgments? Existing evaluations emphasize problem-solving accuracy, overlooking the fragmented…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Conrad Borchers , Jill-Jênn Vie , Roger Azevedo

Recent work has shown that augmenting environments with language descriptions improves policy learning. However, for environments with complex language abstractions, learning how to ground language to observations is difficult due to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-04 Victor Zhong , Jesse Mu , Luke Zettlemoyer , Edward Grefenstette , Tim Rocktäschel

Learning from human preferences is important for language models to match human needs and to align with human and social values. Prior works have achieved remarkable successes by learning from human feedback to understand and follow…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Hao Liu , Carmelo Sferrazza , Pieter Abbeel

Identifying discourse features in student conversations is quite important for educational researchers to recognize the curricular and pedagogical variables that cause students to engage in constructing knowledge rather than merely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Farjana Sultana Mim , Shuchin Aeron , Eric Miller , Kristen Wendell

Recognizing customer intent accurately with language models based on customer-agent conversational data is essential in today's digital customer service marketplace, but it is often hindered by the lack of sufficient labeled data. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Hengyu Luo , Peng Liu , Stefan Esping

The field of Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED) focuses on the intersection of technology, education, and psychology, placing a strong emphasis on supporting learners' needs with compassion and understanding. The growing prominence…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-05-14 John Stamper , Ruiwei Xiao , Xinying Hou

"Learning by Teaching (LbT)" helps learners deepen their understanding by explaining concepts to others, with questions playing a vital role in identifying knowledge gaps and reinforcing comprehension. However, existing systems for…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Tokio Uchida , Ko Watanabe , Andrew Vargo , Shoya Ishimaru , Ralph L. Rose , Ayaka Sugawara , Andreas Dengel , Koichi Kise

Humans can quickly learn a new word from a few illustrative examples, and then systematically and flexibly use it in novel contexts. Yet the abilities of current language models for few-shot word learning, and methods for improving these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Wentao Wang , Guangyuan Jiang , Tal Linzen , Brenden M. Lake

Communicating in natural language is a powerful tool in multi-agent settings, as it enables independent agents to share information in partially observable settings and allows zero-shot coordination with humans. However, most prior works…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Bidipta Sarkar , Warren Xia , C. Karen Liu , Dorsa Sadigh