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A test particle of mass mu on a bound geodesic of a Kerr black hole of mass M >> mu will slowly inspiral as gravitational radiation extracts energy and angular momentum from its orbit. This inspiral can be considered adiabatic when the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-05-23 Michael Kesden

A compact body in orbit about a black hole loses orbital energy and angular momentum through radiation-reaction processes, inspiralling towards the black hole until a final plunge. Here we consider a scenario with a charged compact body in…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-09-20 Ethan J German , Kevin Cunningham , Visakan Balakumar , Niels Warburton , Sam R Dolan

We analyze 192 sets of binary black hole merger data in eccentric orbits obtained from RIT, decomposing the radiation energy into three distinct phases through time: inspiral, late inspiral to merger, and ringdown. Our investigation reveals…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-11-22 Hao Wang , Yuan-Chuan Zou , Qing Wen Wu

We present a highly accurate, fully analytical model for the late inspiral, merger, and ringdown of black-hole binaries with arbitrary mass ratios and spin vectors, including the contributions of harmonics beyond the fundamental mode. This…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-05-22 Sean T. McWilliams

As 2 black holes bound to each other in a close binary approach merger their inspiral time becomes shorter than the characteristic inflow time of surrounding orbiting matter. Using an innovative technique in which we represent the changing…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-04 Scott C. Noble , Bruno C. Mundim , Hiroyuki Nakano , Julian H. Krolik , Manuela Campanelli , Yosef Zlochower , Nicolás Yunes

For massive black hole binaries produced in galactic mergers, we examine the possibility of inspiral induced by interaction with field stars. We model the evolution of such binaries for a range of galaxy core and binary parameters, using…

Astrophysics · Physics 2010-11-01 Mohan Rajagopal , Roger W. Romani

A black hole binary approaching merger undergoes changes in its inspiral rate as energy and angular momentum are lost from the orbits into the horizons. This effect strengthens as the black holes come closer. We use numerical relativity…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-05-12 Samanwaya Mukherjee , Sayak Datta , Sukanta Bose , Khun Sang Phukon

Multiple approaches are required to study the evolution of black-hole binaries. While the post-Newtonian approximation is sufficient to describe the early inspiral (even from infinitely large orbital separation), only numerical relativity…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-10-21 Luca Reali , Matthew Mould , Davide Gerosa , Vijay Varma

We revisit the three black hole scenario with numerical relativity techniques to study hierarchical configurations where the inner binary contains highly spinning black holes. We find that the merger time of the binary gets a delay (with a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-06-19 Giuseppe Ficarra , Carlos O. Lousto

Gravitational waveforms capturing binary evolution through the early-inspiral phase play a critical role in extracting orbital features that nearly disappear during the late-inspiral and subsequent merger phase due to radiation reaction…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-07-04 Pratul Manna , Tamal RoyChowdhury , Chandra Kant Mishra

The Peters formula, which tells how the coalescence time of a binary system emitting gravitational radiation is determined by the initial size and shape of the elliptic orbit, is often used in estimating the merger rate of primordial black…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-03-30 Heling Deng

The merging of two black holes is a notoriously difficult process to describe exactly. Nevertheless, the hindrances posed by gravity's nonlinearity can be circumvented by focusing on the strict extreme mass ratio limit, in which one of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-09-10 João M. Dias , Antonia M. Frassino , David C. Lopes , Valentin D. Paccoia , Jorge V. Rocha

We present general relativistic magneto-hydrodynamical simulations of equal-mass spinning black hole binary mergers embedded in a magnetized gas cloud. We focus on the effect of the spin orientation relative to the orbital angular momentum…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-05-05 Federico Cattorini , Sofia Maggioni , Bruno Giacomazzo , Francesco Haardt , Monica Colpi , Stefano Covino

Increased eccentricity of a black hole binary leads to reduced merger times. With n-body simulations and analytic approximations including the effects of general relativity (GR), we show that even a low mass companion orbiting a black hole…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-11-14 Stephen Lepp , Rebecca G. Martin , Bing Zhang

If two initially unbound black holes of masses M_1 and M_2, total mass M = M_1 + M_2, reduced mass mu = M_1 M_2/(M_1+M_2), and initial relative velocity v << c(4 mu/M) in otherwise empty space are captured into a bound orbit by emitting…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-05-24 Don N. Page

When particle dark matter is bound gravitationally around a massive black hole in sufficiently high densities, the dark matter will affect the rate of inspiral of a secondary compact object that forms a binary with the massive black hole.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-01-09 David A. Nichols , Benjamin A. Wade , Alexander M. Grant

We compute the gravitational waveform emitted during the transition from quasi-spherical inspiral to plunge, merger and ringdown for a system of two black holes in the extreme mass ratio limit, where the primary is spinning and the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-09-23 Luca Nagni , Alessandro Nagar , Rossella Gamba , Simone Albanesi , Sebastiano Bernuzzi

Because they are likely to accrete substantial amounts of interstellar gas, merging supermassive binary black holes are expected to be strong multimessenger sources, radiating gravitational waves, photons from thermal gas, and photons from…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-12-04 Lorenzo Ennoggi , Manuela Campanelli , Julian Krolik , Scott C. Noble , Yosef Zlochower , Maria Chiara de Simone

Accreting supermassive black hole binaries are powerful multimessenger sources emitting both gravitational and EM radiation. Understanding the accretion dynamics of these systems and predicting their distinctive EM signals is crucial to…

Astrophysically realistic black holes may have spins that are nearly extremal (i.e., close to 1 in dimensionless units). Numerical simulations of binary black holes are important tools both for calibrating analytical templates for…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-03-17 Geoffrey Lovelace , Mark A. Scheel , Bela Szilagyi
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