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Foundation models have achieved remarkable success, yet their growing parameter counts pose significant computational and memory challenges. Low-rank factorization offers a promising route to reduce training and inference costs, but the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Paul Janson , Edouard Oyallon , Eugene Belilovsky

Column matching is a central task in reconciling schemas for data integration. Column names and descriptions are valuable for this task. LLMs can leverage such natural-language schema metadata. However, in many datasets, correct matching…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Houming Chen , Zhe Zhang , H. V. Jagadish

Large Language Models (LLMs) are known for their expensive and time-consuming training. Thus, oftentimes, LLMs are fine-tuned to address a specific task, given the pretrained weights of a pre-trained LLM considered a foundation model. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Eshed Gal , Moshe Eliasof , Javier Turek , Uri Ascher , Eran Treister , Eldad Haber

Autoregressive Transformers adopted in Large Language Models (LLMs) are hard to scale to long sequences. Despite several works trying to reduce their computational cost, most of LLMs still adopt attention layers between all pairs of tokens…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Sotiris Anagnostidis , Dario Pavllo , Luca Biggio , Lorenzo Noci , Aurelien Lucchi , Thomas Hofmann

In this paper, we introduce a novel weighted co-training approach that is guided by Large Language Models (LLMs). Namely, in our co-training approach, we use LLM labels on unlabeled data as target labels and co-train two encoder-only based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Md Mezbaur Rahman , Cornelia Caragea

Continual learning necessitates the continual adaptation of models to newly emerging tasks while minimizing the catastrophic forgetting of old ones. This is extremely challenging for large language models (LLMs) with vanilla full-parameter…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Chenyang Song , Xu Han , Zheni Zeng , Kuai Li , Chen Chen , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun , Tao Yang

Humans can perform previously unexperienced interactions with novel objects simply by observing others engage with them. Weakly-supervised affordance grounding mimics this process by learning to locate object regions that enable actions on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Jiajin Tang , Zhengxuan Wei , Ge Zheng , Sibei Yang

Weak-to-strong generalization provides a promising paradigm for scaling large language models (LLMs) by training stronger models on samples from aligned weaker ones, without requiring human feedback or explicit reward modeling. However, its…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Houcheng Jiang , Junfeng Fang , Jiaxin Wu , Tianyu Zhang , Chen Gao , Yong Li , Xiang Wang , Xiangnan He , Yang Deng

Realignment is a promising strategy to improve cross-lingual transfer in multilingual language models. However, empirical results are mixed and often unreliable, particularly for typologically distant or low-resource languages (LRLs)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Quang Phuoc Nguyen , David Anugraha , Felix Gaschi , Jun Bin Cheng , En-Shiun Annie Lee

Continual Learning (CL) enables machine learning models to learn from continuously shifting new training data in absence of data from old tasks. Recently, pretrained vision transformers combined with prompt tuning have shown promise for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-01 Anurag Roy , Riddhiman Moulick , Vinay K. Verma , Saptarshi Ghosh , Abir Das

Large language models (LLMs) possess vast knowledge acquired from extensive training corpora, but they often cannot remove specific pieces of information when needed, which makes it hard to handle privacy, bias mitigation, and knowledge…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Yezi Liu , Hanning Chen , Wenjun Huang , Yang Ni , Mohsen Imani

Typically, spoken language understanding (SLU) models are trained on annotated data which are costly to gather. Aiming to reduce data needs for bootstrapping a SLU system for a new language, we present a simple but effective weight transfer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-04 Quynh Ngoc Thi Do , Judith Gaspers

Concept-based explanations work by mapping complex model computations to human-understandable concepts. Evaluating such explanations is very difficult, as it includes not only the quality of the induced space of possible concepts but also…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Antonin Poché , Alon Jacovi , Agustin Martin Picard , Victor Boutin , Fanny Jourdan

Humans are accustomed to reading and writing in a forward manner, and this natural bias extends to text understanding in auto-regressive large language models (LLMs). This paper investigates whether LLMs, like humans, struggle with reverse…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Sicheng Yu , Yuanchen Xu , Cunxiao Du , Yanying Zhou , Minghui Qiu , Qianru Sun , Hao Zhang , Jiawei Wu

Memory pressure has emerged as a dominant constraint in scaling the training of large language models (LLMs), particularly in resource-constrained environments. While modern frameworks incorporate various memory-saving techniques, they…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Hanmei Yang , Jin Zhou , Yao Fu , Xiaoqun Wang , Ramine Roane , Hui Guan , Tongping Liu

The burgeoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) have underscored the need for alignment to ensure these models act in accordance with human values and intentions. Existing alignment frameworks present constraints either in the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Leitian Tao , Yixuan Li

Recent advancements in machine learning (ML), natural language processing (NLP), and foundational models have shown promise for real-life applications in critical, albeit compute-constrainted fields like healthcare. In such areas, combining…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Georgios Margaritis , Periklis Petridis , Dimitris J. Bertsimas

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have emphasized the critical role of fine-tuning (FT) techniques in adapting LLMs to specific tasks, especially when retraining from scratch is computationally infeasible. Fine-tuning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Xiao Han , Zimo Zhao , Wanyu Wang , Maolin Wang , Zitao Liu , Yi Chang , Xiangyu Zhao

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have rapidly advanced by leveraging powerful pre-trained Large Language Models (LLMs) as core reasoning backbones. As new and more capable LLMs emerge with improved reasoning, instruction-following, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Sameera Horawalavithana , Lauren Phillips , Ian Stewart , Sai Munikoti , Karl Pazdernik

Reasoning-oriented large language models (RLMs) achieve strong gains on tasks such as mathematics and coding by generating explicit intermediate reasoning. However, their impact on machine translation (MT) remains underexplored. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Sara Rajaee , Sebastian Vincent , Alexandre Berard , Marzieh Fadaee , Kelly Marchisio , Tom Kocmi
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