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The immense success of the Transformer architecture in Natural Language Processing has led to its adoption in Time Se ries Forecasting (TSF), where superior performance has been shown. However, a recent important paper questioned their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Musleh Alharthi , Kaleel Mahmood , Sarosh Patel , Ausif Mahmood

Pre-trained Large Language Models (LLMs) encapsulate large amounts of knowledge and take enormous amounts of compute to train. We make use of this resource, together with the observation that LLMs are able to transfer knowledge and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Malcolm L. Wolff , Shenghao Yang , Kari Torkkola , Michael W. Mahoney

Long-term time-series forecasting (LTTF) has become a pressing demand in many applications, such as wind power supply planning. Transformer models have been adopted to deliver high prediction capacity because of the high computational…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-06 Yan Li , Xinjiang Lu , Haoyi Xiong , Jian Tang , Jiantao Su , Bo Jin , Dejing Dou

Transformer-based models have recently become dominant in Long-term Time Series Forecasting (LTSF), yet the variations in their architecture, such as encoder-only, encoder-decoder, and decoder-only designs, raise a crucial question: What…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Lefei Shen , Mouxiang Chen , Han Fu , Xiaoxue Ren , Xiaoyun Joy Wang , Jianling Sun , Zhuo Li , Chenghao Liu

Among the existing Transformer-based multivariate time series forecasting methods, iTransformer, which treats each variable sequence as a token and only explicitly extracts cross-variable dependencies, and PatchTST, which adopts a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Liyang Qin , Xiaoli Wang , Chunhua Yang , Huaiwen Zou , Haochuan Zhang

Long-term time series forecasting (LTSF) provides longer insights into future trends and patterns. Over the past few years, deep learning models especially Transformers have achieved advanced performance in LTSF tasks. However, LTSF faces…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Aobo Liang , Xingguo Jiang , Yan Sun , Xiaohou Shi , Ke Li

Long-term time series forecasting (LTSF) is a crucial aspect of modern society, playing a pivotal role in facilitating long-term planning and developing early warning systems. While many Transformer-based models have recently been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Jiaxin Gao , Wenbo Hu , Yuntian Chen

Recently, there has been a growing interest in Long-term Time Series Forecasting (LTSF), which involves predicting long-term future values by analyzing a large amount of historical time-series data to identify patterns and trends. There…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Aitian Ma , Dongsheng Luo , Mo Sha

Transformer-based architectures have achieved remarkable success in natural language processing and computer vision. However, their performance in multivariate long-term forecasting often falls short compared to simpler linear baselines.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Dizhen Liang

Long-term Time Series Forecasting (LTSF) is critical for numerous real-world applications, such as electricity consumption planning, financial forecasting, and disease propagation analysis. LTSF requires capturing long-range dependencies…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Aitian Ma , Dongsheng Luo , Mo Sha

Transformer-based models have shown strong performance in time-series forecasting by leveraging self-attention to model long-range temporal dependencies. However, their effectiveness depends critically on the quality and structure of input…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Saurish Nagrath , Saroj Kumar Panigrahy

Time series data is a key element of big data analytics, commonly found in domains such as finance, healthcare, climate forecasting, and transportation. In large scale real world settings, such data is often high dimensional and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Younghwi Kim , Dohee Kim , Joongrock Kim , Sunghyun Sim

Transformer-based models have greatly pushed the boundaries of time series forecasting recently. Existing methods typically encode time series data into $\textit{patches}$ using one or a fixed set of patch lengths. This, however, could…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-09 Linfeng Du , Ji Xin , Alex Labach , Saba Zuberi , Maksims Volkovs , Rahul G. Krishnan

Time series data, including univariate and multivariate ones, are characterized by unique composition and complex multi-scale temporal variations. They often require special consideration of decomposition and multi-scale modeling to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Shuhan Zhong , Sizhe Song , Weipeng Zhuo , Guanyao Li , Yang Liu , S. -H. Gary Chan

Time series forecasting is important in finance domain. Financial time series (TS) patterns are influenced by both short-term public opinions and medium-/long-term policy and market trends. Hence, processing multi-period inputs becomes…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2026-02-03 Xu Zhang , Zhengang Huang , Yunzhi Wu , Xun Lu , Erpeng Qi , Yunkai Chen , Zhongya Xue , Qitong Wang , Peng Wang , Wei Wang

Masked time series modeling has recently gained much attention as a self-supervised representation learning strategy for time series. Inspired by masked image modeling in computer vision, recent works first patchify and partially mask out…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Seunghan Lee , Taeyoung Park , Kibok Lee

Recently, large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated powerful capabilities in performing various tasks and thus are applied by recent studies to time series forecasting (TSF) tasks, which predict future values with the given historical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Chen Su , Yuanhe Tian , Qinyu Liu , Jun Zhang , Yan Song

In the realm of time series forecasting (TSF), it is imperative for models to adeptly discern and distill hidden patterns within historical time series data to forecast future states. Transformer-based models exhibit formidable efficacy in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Zihan Wang , Fanheng Kong , Shi Feng , Ming Wang , Xiaocui Yang , Han Zhao , Daling Wang , Yifei Zhang

Time Series Forecasting (TSF) is critical in many real-world domains like financial planning and health monitoring. Recent studies have revealed that Large Language Models (LLMs), with their powerful in-contextual modeling capabilities,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Jialiang Tang , Shuo Chen , Chen Gong , Jing Zhang , Dacheng Tao

Long-term time series forecasting (LTSF) represents a critical frontier in time series analysis, characterized by extensive input sequences, as opposed to the shorter spans typical of traditional approaches. While longer sequences…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Jinliang Deng , Feiyang Ye , Du Yin , Xuan Song , Ivor W. Tsang , Hui Xiong