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Direct preference optimization (DPO) has shown success in aligning diffusion models with human preference. Previous approaches typically assume a consistent preference label between final generations and noisy samples at intermediate steps,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Jie Ren , Yuhang Zhang , Dongrui Liu , Xiaopeng Zhang , Qi Tian

As large language models (LLMs) become more capable, fine-tuning techniques for aligning with human intent are increasingly important. A key consideration for aligning these models is how to most effectively use human resources, or model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-01 William Muldrew , Peter Hayes , Mingtian Zhang , David Barber

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance across natural language generation tasks, their ability to generate truly creative content-characterized by novelty, diversity, surprise, and quality-remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Mete Ismayilzada , Antonio Laverghetta , Simone A. Luchini , Reet Patel , Antoine Bosselut , Lonneke van der Plas , Roger Beaty

Existing alignment methods for preference optimization of large language models (LLMs) aim to enhance model performance by utilizing pairs of positive and negative samples. However, due to the limited capacity of models in scoring or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Jun Rao , Yunjie Liao , Xuebo Liu , Zepeng Lin , Lian Lian , Dong Jin , Shengjun Cheng , Jun Yu , Min Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate impressive performance but lack the flexibility to adapt to human preferences quickly without retraining. In this work, we introduce Test-time Preference Optimization (TPO), a framework that aligns…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-23 Yafu Li , Xuyang Hu , Xiaoye Qu , Linjie Li , Yu Cheng

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) has emerged as a pivotal tool for aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences. Direct Preference Optimization (DPO), one of the most popular approaches, formulates RLHF as a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Jiafan He , Huizhuo Yuan , Quanquan Gu

Iterative data generation and model retraining are widely used to align large language models (LLMs). It typically involves a policy model to generate on-policy responses and a reward model to guide training data selection. Direct…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Yao Xiao , Hai Ye , Linyao Chen , Hwee Tou Ng , Lidong Bing , Xiaoli Li , Roy Ka-wei Lee

Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) trains a language model using human preference data, bypassing the explicit reward modeling phase of Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF). By iterating over sentence pairs in a preference…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Jae Hyeon Cho , Minkyung Park , Byung-Jun Lee

Preference Optimization (PO), is gaining popularity as an alternative choice of Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) for aligning Large Language Models (LLMs). Recent research on aligning LLMs iteratively with synthetic or partially synthetic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-16 Yaojie Shen , Xinyao Wang , Yulei Niu , Ying Zhou , Lexin Tang , Libo Zhang , Fan Chen , Longyin Wen

In the domain of complex reasoning tasks, such as mathematical reasoning, recent advancements have proposed the use of Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) to suppress output of dispreferred responses, thereby enhancing the long-chain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Weibin Liao , Xu Chu , Yasha Wang

Many applications of large language models (LLMs), ranging from chatbots to creative writing, require nuanced subjective judgments that can differ significantly across different groups. Existing alignment algorithms can be expensive to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Siyan Zhao , John Dang , Aditya Grover

Human-annotated preference data play an important role in aligning large language models (LLMs). In this paper, we study two connected questions: how to monitor the quality of human preference annotators and how to incentivize them to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Shang Liu , Hanzhao Wang , Zhongyao Ma , Xiaocheng Li

In recent years, text-to-speech (TTS) has seen impressive advancements through large-scale language models, achieving human-level speech quality. Integrating human feedback has proven effective for enhancing robustness in these systems.…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-03 Kangxiang Xia , Xinfa Zhu , Jixun Yao , Lei Xie

Learning from preference-based feedback has recently gained traction as a promising approach to align language models with human interests. While these aligned generative models have demonstrated impressive capabilities across various…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-15 Sayak Ray Chowdhury , Anush Kini , Nagarajan Natarajan

Existing multi-objective preference alignment methods for large language models (LLMs) face limitations: (1) the inability to effectively balance various preference dimensions, and (2) reliance on auxiliary reward/reference models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Qi Liu , Jingqing Ruan , Hao Li , Haodong Zhao , Desheng Wang , Jiansong Chen , Wan Guanglu , Xunliang Cai , Zhi Zheng , Tong Xu

Preference optimization techniques, such as Direct Preference Optimization (DPO), are frequently employed to enhance the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) in domains like mathematical reasoning and coding, typically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Fangkai Jiao , Geyang Guo , Xingxing Zhang , Nancy F. Chen , Shafiq Joty , Furu Wei

Aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences typically demands vast amounts of meticulously curated data, which is both expensive and prone to labeling noise. We propose Stackelberg Game Preference Optimization (SGPO), a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Xu Chu , Zhixin Zhang , Tianyu Jia , Yujie Jin

Instruction following (IF) is a critical capability for large language models (LLMs). However, handling complex instructions with multiple constraints remains challenging. Previous methods typically select preference pairs based on the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Xiang Huang , Ting-En Lin , Feiteng Fang , Yuchuan Wu , Hangyu Li , Yuzhong Qu , Fei Huang , Yongbin Li

With the rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs), aligning policy models with human preferences has become increasingly critical. Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) has emerged as a promising approach for alignment, acting as an…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Wenyi Xiao , Zechuan Wang , Leilei Gan , Shuai Zhao , Zongrui Li , Ruirui Lei , Wanggui He , Luu Anh Tuan , Long Chen , Hao Jiang , Zhou Zhao , Fei Wu

Aligning language models (LMs) with curated human feedback is critical to control their behaviors in real-world applications. Several recent policy optimization methods, such as DPO and SLiC, serve as promising alternatives to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Tianqi Liu , Zhen Qin , Junru Wu , Jiaming Shen , Misha Khalman , Rishabh Joshi , Yao Zhao , Mohammad Saleh , Simon Baumgartner , Jialu Liu , Peter J. Liu , Xuanhui Wang