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We give a relational and a weakest precondition semantics for "knowledge-based programs", i.e., programs that restrict observability of variables so as to richly express changes in the knowledge of agents who can or cannot observe said…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-07-07 Francesco Belardinelli , Ioana Boureanu , Vadim Malvone , Solofomampionona Fortunat Rajaona

Propositional Dynamic Logic or PDL was invented as a logic for reasoning about regular programming constructs. We propose a new perspective on PDL as a multi-agent strategic logic (MASL). This logic for strategic reasoning has group…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2013-10-28 Jan van Eijck

In this paper, we propose a single-agent logic of goal-directed knowing how extending the standard epistemic logic of knowing that with a new knowing how operator. The semantics of the new operator is based on the idea that knowing how to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-05-16 Raul Fervari , Andreas Herzig , Yanjun Li , Yanjing Wang

We provide algebraic semantics together with a sound and complete sequent calculus for information update due to epistemic actions. This semantics is flexible enough to accommodate incomplete as well as wrong information e.g.due to secrecy…

Logic · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Alexandru Baltag , Bob Coecke , Mehrnoosh Sadrzadeh

In standard epistemic logic, knowing that p is the same as knowing that p is true, but it does not say anything about understanding p or knowing its meaning. In this paper, we present a conservative extension of Public Announcement Logic…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-07-23 Malvin Gattinger , Yanjing Wang

We introduce Agentic Reasoning, a framework that enhances large language model (LLM) reasoning by integrating external tool-using agents. Agentic Reasoning dynamically leverages web search, code execution, and structured memory to address…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Junde Wu , Jiayuan Zhu , Yuyuan Liu , Min Xu , Yueming Jin

The aim of this paper is to investigate the interplay between knowledge shared by a group of agents and its coalition ability. We investigate this relation in the standard context of imperfect information concurrent game. We assume that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-11-28 Guifei Jiang , Dongmo Zhang , Laurent Perrussel

Epistemic reasoning requires agents to infer the state of the world from partial observations and information about other agents' knowledge. Prior work evaluating LLMs on canonical epistemic puzzles interpreted their behavior through a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Adi Gabay , Gabriel Stanovsky , Liat Peterfreund

In this paper, we delve into the study of epistemic logics, interpreted through similarity models based on weighted graphs. We explore eight languages that extend the traditional epistemic language by incorporating modalities of common,…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Xiaolong Liang , Yì N. Wáng

This paper makes a first step towards a logic of learning from experiments. For this, we investigate formal frameworks for modeling the interaction of causal and (qualitative) epistemic reasoning. Crucial for our approach is the idea that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-12-02 Fausto Barbero , Katrin Schulz , Fernando R. Velázquez-Quesada , Kaibo Xie

We introduce a new semantics for a multi-agent epistemic operator of knowing how, based on an indistinguishability relation between plans. Our proposal is, arguably, closer to the standard presentation of knowing that modalities in…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-06-23 Carlos Areces , Raul Fervari , Andrés R. Saravia , Fernando R. Velázquez-Quesada

We study dynamic changes of agents' observational power in logics of knowledge and time. We consider CTL*K, the extension of CTL* with knowledge operators, and enrich it with a new operator that models a change in an agent's way of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-09-05 Aurèle Barrière , Bastien Maubert , Aniello Murano , Sasha Rubin

In recent years, a new class of models for multi-agent epistemic logic has emerged, based on simplicial complexes. Since then, many variants of these simplicial models have been investigated, giving rise to different logics and…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-04-27 Eric Goubault , Roman Kniazev , Jérémy Ledent , Sergio Rajsbaum

Epistemic logics model how agents reason about their beliefs and the beliefs of other agents. Existing logics typically assume the ability of agents to reason perfectly about propositions of unbounded modal depth. We present DBEL, an…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-07-17 Farid Arthaud , Martin Rinard

In standard epistemic logic, agent names are usually assumed to be common knowledge implicitly. This is unreasonable for various applications. Inspired by term modal logic and assignment operators in dynamic logic, we introduce a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-06-26 Yanjing Wang , Jeremy Seligman

We introduce a novel semantics for a multi-agent epistemic operator of knowing how, based on an indistinguishability relation between plans. Our proposal is, arguably, closer to the standard presentation of knowing that modalities in…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Carlos Areces , Raul Fervari , Andrés R. Saravia , Fernando R. Velázquez-Quesada

Logics for social networks have been studied in recent literature. This paper presents a framework based on *dynamic term-modal logic* (DTML), a quantified variant of dynamic epistemic logic (DEL). In contrast with DEL where it is commonly…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2019-08-27 Andrés Occhipinti Liberman , Rasmus K. Rendsvig

There has been considerable work on reasoning about the strategic ability of agents under imperfect information. However, existing logics such as Probabilistic Strategy Logic are unable to express properties relating to information…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Chunyan Mu , Nima Motamed , Natasha Alechina , Brian Logan

We introduce an expressive probabilistic temporal epistemic logic PTEL suitable to reason about uncertain knowledge of a non-rigid set of agents that can be changed during time. We define semantics for PTEL as Kripke models with epistemic…

Logic · Mathematics 2021-05-27 Zoran Ognjanović , Angelina Ilić Stepić , Aleksandar Perović

The study of group knowledge concepts such as mutual, common, and distributed knowledge is well established within the discipline of epistemic logic. In this work, we incorporate epistemic abilities of agents to refine the formal definition…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Xiaolong Liang , Yì N. Wáng