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Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate exceptional performance but entail significant memory and computational costs, restricting their practical deployment. While existing INT4/INT8 quantization reduces these costs, they often degrade…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Hao Zhang , Aining Jia , Weifeng Bu , Yushu Cai , Kai Sheng , Hao Chen , Xin He

Federated learning (FL) enables geographically dispersed edge devices (i.e., clients) to learn a global model without sharing the local datasets, where each client performs gradient descent with its local data and uploads the gradients to a…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-12-19 Heting Liu , Fang He , Guohong Cao

Large language models (LLMs) with hundreds of billions of parameters require powerful server-grade GPUs for inference, limiting their practical deployment. To address this challenge, we introduce the outlier-aware weight quantization (OWQ)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-25 Changhun Lee , Jungyu Jin , Taesu Kim , Hyungjun Kim , Eunhyeok Park

Post-training quantization (PTQ) has emerged as a critical technique for efficient deployment of large language models (LLMs). This work proposes NestQuant, a novel PTQ scheme for weights and activations that is based on self-similar nested…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Semyon Savkin , Eitan Porat , Or Ordentlich , Yury Polyanskiy

Large-scale pre-trained Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have gained prominence in various visual and multimodal tasks, yet the deployment of VLMs on downstream application platforms remains challenging due to their prohibitive requirements of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Huixin Sun , Runqi Wang , Yanjing Li , Xianbin Cao , Xiaolong Jiang , Yao Hu , Baochang Zhang

We study weight-only post-training quantization (PTQ), which quantizes the weights of a large language model (LLM) without retraining, using little or no calibration data. Weight-only PTQ is crucial for reducing the memory footprint and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Deokjae Lee , Hyun Oh Song

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLM) are increasingly deployed in domains where both reliability and efficiency are critical. However, current models remain overconfident, producing highly certain but incorrect answers. At the same time,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Paul Jonas Kurz , Tobias Jan Wieczorek , Mohamed A. Abdelsalam , Rahaf Aljundi , Marcus Rohrbach

Quantization is an indispensable technique for serving Large Language Models (LLMs) and has recently found its way into LoRA fine-tuning. In this work we focus on the scenario where quantization and LoRA fine-tuning are applied together on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Yixiao Li , Yifan Yu , Chen Liang , Pengcheng He , Nikos Karampatziakis , Weizhu Chen , Tuo Zhao

The rapid deployment of Large Language Models (LLMs) highlights the need for efficient low-bit post-training quantization (PTQ), due to their high memory costs. A key challenge in weight quantization is the presence of outliers, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Xinlin Li , Osama Hanna , Christina Fragouli , Suhas Diggavi

Auto-regressive Large Language Models (LLMs) achieve strong performance on coding tasks, but incur high memory and inference costs. Diffusion-based language models (d-LLMs) offer bounded inference cost via iterative denoising, but their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Aarav Gupta , Gururaj Deshpande , Chandreyi Chakraborty

Large language models have achieved remarkable success, but their extensive parameter size necessitates substantial memory for training, thereby setting a high threshold. While the recently proposed low-memory optimization (LOMO) reduces…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Kai Lv , Hang Yan , Qipeng Guo , Haijun Lv , Xipeng Qiu

Model quantization is widely applied for compressing and accelerating deep neural networks (DNNs). However, conventional Quantization-Aware Training (QAT) focuses on training DNNs with uniform bit-width. The bit-width settings vary across…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Haiduo Huang , Zhenhua Liu , Tian Xia , Wenzhe zhao , Pengju Ren

When quantizing weights and activations to increasingly narrower representations, the cost of additions begins to dominate that of multiplications in multiply-accumulate (MAC) units. Recent studies show that reducing addition costs via…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Ian Colbert , Giuseppe Franco , Fabian Grob , Jinjie Zhang , Rayan Saab

Post-training quantization (PTQ) reduces the memory footprint of LLMs by quantizing their weights to low-precision. In this work, we introduce QuIP#, a weight-only PTQ method that achieves state-of-the-art results in extreme compression…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Albert Tseng , Jerry Chee , Qingyao Sun , Volodymyr Kuleshov , Christopher De Sa

Quantization is a promising approach for reducing the inference time and memory footprint of neural networks. However, most existing quantization methods require access to the original training dataset for retraining during quantization.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-03-29 Yaohui Cai , Zhewei Yao , Zhen Dong , Amir Gholami , Michael W. Mahoney , Kurt Keutzer

This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of quantization techniques for optimizing Large Language Models (LLMs), specifically focusing on Post-Training Quantization (PTQ) and Quantization-Aware Training (QAT). Through empirical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Jahid Hasan

Quantization plays an important role in the energy-efficient deployment of deep neural networks on resource-limited devices. Post-training quantization is highly desirable since it does not require retraining or access to the full training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-03-20 Jun Fang , Ali Shafiee , Hamzah Abdel-Aziz , David Thorsley , Georgios Georgiadis , Joseph Hassoun

It is critical to deploy complicated neural network models on hardware with limited resources. This paper proposes a novel model quantization method, named the Low-Cost Proxy-Based Adaptive Mixed-Precision Model Quantization (LCPAQ), which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Junzhe Chen , Qiao Yang , Senmao Tian , Shunli Zhang

Quantizing a floating-point neural network to its fixed-point representation is crucial for Learned Image Compression (LIC) because it improves decoding consistency for interoperability and reduces space-time complexity for implementation.…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-10 Junqi Shi , Ming Lu , Zhan Ma

For large language models (LLMs), post-training quantization (PTQ) can significantly reduce memory footprint and computational overhead. Model quantization is rapidly evolving. Though many papers report breakthrough results, they are often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Yutong Liu , Cairong Zhao , Guosheng Hu