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Aligning large language models (LLMs) with human values is a vital task for LLM practitioners. Current alignment techniques have several limitations: (1) requiring a large amount of annotated data; (2) demanding heavy human involvement; (3)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Hongyi Guo , Yuanshun Yao , Wei Shen , Jiaheng Wei , Xiaoying Zhang , Zhaoran Wang , Yang Liu

Machine Teaching (MT) is an interactive process where a human and a machine interact with the goal of training a machine learning model (ML) for a specified task. The human teacher communicates their task expertise and the machine student…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-06-13 Karan Taneja , Harshvardhan Sikka , Ashok Goel

The success of multi-modal large language models (MLLMs) has been largely attributed to the large-scale training data. However, the training data of many MLLMs is unavailable due to privacy concerns. The expensive and labor-intensive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Letian Zhang , Quan Cui , Bingchen Zhao , Cheng Yang

The improvement of LLMs' instruction-following capabilities relies heavily on the availability of high-quality instruction-response pairs. Unfortunately, the current methods used to collect the pairs suffer from either unaffordable labor…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Yongrui Chen , Haiyun Jiang , Xinting Huang , Shuming Shi , Guilin Qi

Instruction-tuning is a widely adopted finetuning method that enables large language models (LLMs) to generate output that more closely resembles human responses. However, no studies have shown that instruction-tuning actually teaches LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Khai Loong Aw , Syrielle Montariol , Badr AlKhamissi , Martin Schrimpf , Antoine Bosselut

Instruction tuning is widely used to improve a pre-trained Multimodal Large Language Model (MLLM) by training it on curated task-specific datasets, enabling better comprehension of human instructions. However, it is infeasible to collect…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Haiyang Guo , Fanhu Zeng , Ziwei Xiang , Fei Zhu , Da-Han Wang , Xu-Yao Zhang , Cheng-Lin Liu

Instruction tuning for large language models (LLMs) can drive them to produce results consistent with human goals in specific downstream tasks. However, the process of continual instruction tuning (CIT) for LLMs may bring about the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Yongquan He , Wenyuan Zhang , Xuancheng Huang , Peng Zhang , Lingxun Meng , Xiang Zhou , Ke Zeng , Xunliang Cai

Large language models (LLMs) rely on web-scale corpora for pre-training. The noise inherent in these datasets tends to obscure meaningful patterns and ultimately degrade model performance. Data curation mitigates but cannot eliminate such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Xu Guo , Runyu Peng , Jian Tong , Yunhua Zhou , Haijun Lv , Zhihui Lu , Qipeng Guo

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in open-ended text generation tasks. However, the inherent open-ended nature of these tasks implies that there is always room for improvement in the quality of model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-16 Ziqi Wang , Le Hou , Tianjian Lu , Yuexin Wu , Yunxuan Li , Hongkun Yu , Heng Ji

While Large Language Models (LLMs) acquire vast knowledge during pre-training, they often lack domain-specific, new, or niche information. Continual pre-training (CPT) attempts to address this gap but suffers from catastrophic forgetting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Oded Ovadia , Meni Brief , Rachel Lemberg , Eitam Sheetrit

Multimodal Continual Instruction Tuning (MCIT) is essential for sequential task adaptation of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) but is severely restricted by catastrophic forgetting. While existing literature focuses on the reasoning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Zijian Gao , Wangwang Jia , Xingxing Zhang , Pengfei Qian , Tao Sun , Bo Ding , Yong Dou , Huaimin Wang , Kele Xu

With the development of large language models, their ability to follow simple instructions has significantly improved. However, adhering to complex instructions remains a major challenge. Current approaches to generating complex…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Wei Liu , Yancheng He , Hui Huang , Chengwei Hu , Jiaheng Liu , Shilong Li , Wenbo Su , Bo Zheng

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success, where instruction tuning is the critical step in aligning LLMs with user intentions. In this work, we investigate how the instruction tuning adjusts pre-trained models with a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-05 Xuansheng Wu , Wenlin Yao , Jianshu Chen , Xiaoman Pan , Xiaoyang Wang , Ninghao Liu , Dong Yu

Recent works on instruction tuning (IT) have achieved great performance with zero-shot generalizability to unseen tasks. With additional context (e.g., task definition, examples) provided to models for fine-tuning, they achieved much higher…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Po-Nien Kung , Nanyun Peng

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in various natural language processing tasks. Despite this, their application to information retrieval (IR) tasks is still challenging due to the infrequent occurrence…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Yutao Zhu , Peitian Zhang , Chenghao Zhang , Yifei Chen , Binyu Xie , Zheng Liu , Ji-Rong Wen , Zhicheng Dou

Visual Instruction Tuning (VIT) aims to enhance Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), yet its effectiveness is often compromised by corrupted datasets with issues such as hallucinated content, incorrect responses, and poor OCR quality.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Yunhao Gou , Hansi Yang , Zhili Liu , Kai Chen , Yihan Zeng , Lanqing Hong , Zhenguo Li , Qun Liu , Bo Han , James T. Kwok , Yu Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable capabilities in handling natural language tasks; however, they may struggle to consistently follow complex instructions including those involve multiple constraints. Post-training LLMs using…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Yuheng Lu , ZiMeng Bai , Caixia Yuan , Huixing Jiang , Xiaojie Wang

The idea of using a separately trained target model (or teacher) to improve the performance of the student model has been increasingly popular in various machine learning domains, and meta-learning is no exception; a recent discovery shows…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-12 Jihoon Tack , Jongjin Park , Hankook Lee , Jaeho Lee , Jinwoo Shin

It is imperative for Large language models (LLMs) to follow instructions with elaborate requirements (i.e. Complex Instructions Following). Yet, it remains under-explored how to enhance the ability of LLMs to follow complex instructions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Qianyu He , Jie Zeng , Qianxi He , Jiaqing Liang , Yanghua Xiao

Recent work has shown the immense potential of synthetically generated datasets for training large language models (LLMs), especially for acquiring targeted skills. Current large-scale math instruction tuning datasets such as MetaMathQA (Yu…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Shubham Toshniwal , Ivan Moshkov , Sean Narenthiran , Daria Gitman , Fei Jia , Igor Gitman