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Millions of patients are already using large language model (LLM) chatbots for medical advice on a regular basis, raising patient safety concerns. This physician-led red-teaming study compares the safety of four publicly available…

Healthcare systems around the world are grappling with issues like inefficient diagnostics, rising costs, and limited access to specialists. These problems often lead to delays in treatment and poor health outcomes. Most current AI and deep…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Maliha Tabassum , M Shamim Kaiser

Trustworthy clinical advice is crucial but burdensome when seeking health support from professionals. Inaccessibility and financial burdens present obstacles to obtaining professional clinical advice, even when healthcare is available.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Delong Du , Richard Paluch , Gunnar Stevens , Claudia Müller

Artificial Intelligence (AI) for supporting healthcare services has never been more necessitated than by the recent global pandemic. Here, we review the state-of-the-art in AI-enabled Chatbots in healthcare proposed during the last 10 years…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-09 Basabdatta Sen Bhattacharya , Vibhav Sinai Pissurlenkar

This paper investigates the use of artificial intelligence chatbots for patient-specific question answering (QA) from clinical notes using several large language model (LLM) based systems: ChatGPT (versions 3.5 and 4), Google Bard, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Alaleh Hamidi , Kirk Roberts

The recent swift development of LLMs like GPT-4, Gemini, and GPT-3.5 offers a transformative opportunity in medicine and healthcare, especially in digital diagnostics. This study evaluates each model diagnostic abilities by interpreting a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Gaurav Kumar Gupta , Aditi Singh , Sijo Valayakkad Manikandan , Abul Ehtesham

Recent studies have demonstrated promising performance of ChatGPT and GPT-4 on several medical domain tasks. However, none have assessed its performance using a large-scale real-world electronic health record database, nor have evaluated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Jingqing Zhang , Kai Sun , Akshay Jagadeesh , Mahta Ghahfarokhi , Deepa Gupta , Ashok Gupta , Vibhor Gupta , Yike Guo

Access to mental health support remains limited, particularly in marginalized communities where structural and cultural barriers hinder timely care. This paper explores the potential of AI-enabled chatbots as a scalable solution, focusing…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Rawan AlMakinah , Andrea Norcini-Pala , Lindsey Disney , M. Abdullah Canbaz

The purpose of this study is to assess how large language models (LLMs) can be used for fact-checking and contribute to the broader debate on the use of automated means for veracity identification. To achieve this purpose, we use AI…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Elizaveta Kuznetsova , Ilaria Vitulano , Mykola Makhortykh , Martha Stolze , Tomas Nagy , Victoria Vziatysheva

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated promise in medical knowledge assessments, yet their practical utility in real-world clinical decision-making remains underexplored. In this study, we evaluated the performance of three…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Mengdi Chai , Ali R. Zomorrodi

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in healthcare presents a transformative potential for enhancing operational efficiency and health outcomes. Large Language Models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, have shown their capabilities in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Dou Liu , Ying Han , Xiandi Wang , Xiaomei Tan , Di Liu , Guangwu Qian , Kang Li , Dan Pu , Rong Yin

Diagnostic errors in healthcare persist as a critical challenge, with increasing numbers of patients turning to online resources for health information. While AI-powered healthcare chatbots show promise, there exists no standardized and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Deep Bhatt , Surya Ayyagari , Anuruddh Mishra

AI chatbots are rapidly shaping how people encounter the news, yet no prior study has systematically measured how accurately these systems, with their proprietary search integrations and retrieval-synthesis pipelines, handle emerging facts…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Mirac Suzgun , Emily Shen , Federico Bianchi , Alexander Spangher , Thomas Icard , Daniel E. Ho , Dan Jurafsky , James Zou

This study investigates the performance of eight large multimodal model (LMM)-based chatbots on the Test of Understanding Graphs in Kinematics (TUG-K), a research-based concept inventory. Graphs are a widely used representation in STEM and…

Physics Education · Physics 2024-10-25 Giulia Polverini , Bor Gregorcic

The primary aim of this research was to address the limitations observed in the medical knowledge of prevalent large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT, by creating a specialized language model with enhanced accuracy in medical advice.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Yunxiang Li , Zihan Li , Kai Zhang , Ruilong Dan , Steve Jiang , You Zhang

Effective physician-patient communications in pre-diagnostic environments, and most specifically in complex and sensitive medical areas such as infertility, are critical but consume a lot of time and, therefore, cause clinic workflows to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Dou Liu , Ying Long , Sophia Zuoqiu , Tian Tang , Rong Yin

Universal healthcare access is critically needed, especially in resource-limited settings. Large Language Models (LLMs) offer promise for democratizing healthcare with advanced diagnostics, but their reliability requires thorough…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Krishna Subedi

AI powered health chatbot applications are increasingly utilized for personalized healthcare services, yet they pose significant challenges related to user data security and privacy. This study evaluates the effectiveness of automated…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Muhammad Hassan , Abdullah Ghani , Muhammad Fareed Zaffar , Masooda Bashir

ChatGPT has gained a huge popularity since its introduction. Its positive aspects have been reported through many media platforms, and some analyses even showed that ChatGPT achieved a decent grade in professional exams, adding extra…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-15 Myeongjun Erik Jang , Thomas Lukasiewicz

Generative Artificial Intelligence is set to revolutionize healthcare delivery by transforming traditional patient care into a more personalized, efficient, and proactive process. Chatbots, serving as interactive conversational models, will…

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