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The rapid progress in Large Language Models (LLMs) could transform many fields, but their fast development creates significant challenges for oversight, ethical creation, and building user trust. This comprehensive review looks at key trust…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-07-22 Md Meftahul Ferdaus , Mahdi Abdelguerfi , Elias Ioup , Kendall N. Niles , Ken Pathak , Steven Sloan

Despite legal mandates for the right to be forgotten, AI operators routinely fail to comply with data deletion requests. While machine unlearning (MU) provides a technical solution to remove personal data's influence from trained models,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Qinqi Lin , Ningning Ding , Lingjie Duan , Jianwei Huang

This article offers several contributions to the interdisciplinary project of responsible research and innovation in data science and AI. First, it provides a critical analysis of current efforts to establish practical mechanisms for…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-10-12 Christopher Burr , David Leslie

[Context] Machine learning (ML)-enabled systems are present in our society, driving significant digital transformations. The dynamic nature of ML development, characterized by experimental cycles and rapid changes in data, poses challenges…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Lucas Romao , Hugo Villamizar , Romeu Oliveira , Silvio Alonso , Marcos Kalinowski

Machine Learning (ML) systems, particularly when deployed in high-stakes domains, are deeply consequential. They can exacerbate existing inequities, create new modes of discrimination, and reify outdated social constructs. Accordingly, the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-08-31 Glen Berman

In this paper we focus on artificial intelligence (AI) for governance, not governance for AI, and on just one aspect of governance, namely ethics audit. Different kinds of ethical audit bots are possible, but who makes the choices and what…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-03-30 Siani Pearson , Martin Lloyd , Vivek Nallur

Machine learning models have spread to almost every area of life. They are successfully applied in biology, medicine, finance, physics, and other fields. With modern software it is easy to train even a~complex model that fits the training…

Computation · Statistics 2020-05-27 Alicja Gosiewska , Przemyslaw Biecek

Numerous Machine Learning (ML) bias-related failures in recent years have led to scrutiny of how companies incorporate aspects of transparency and accountability in their ML lifecycles. Companies have a responsibility to monitor ML…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-02-16 Emily Dodwell , Cheryl Flynn , Balachander Krishnamurthy , Subhabrata Majumdar , Ritwik Mitra

Applications of machine learning (ML) to high-stakes policy settings -- such as education, criminal justice, healthcare, and social service delivery -- have grown rapidly in recent years, sparking important conversations about how to ensure…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-14 Hemank Lamba , Kit T. Rodolfa , Rayid Ghani

Evaluating large language model (LLM)-based multi-agent systems remains a critical challenge, as these systems must exhibit reliable coordination, transparent decision-making, and verifiable performance across evolving tasks. Existing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-21 YenTing Lee , Keerthi Koneru , Zahra Moslemi , Sheethal Kumar , Ramesh Radhakrishnan

Background/Purpose: The use of artificial intelligence (AI) models for data-driven decision-making in different stages of employee lifecycle (EL) management is increasing. However, there is no comprehensive study that addresses…

Recent advances in generative AI have led to remarkable interest in using systems that rely on large language models (LLMs) for practical applications. However, meaningful evaluation of these systems in real-world scenarios comes with a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Ethan M. Rudd , Christopher Andrews , Philip Tully

Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are increasingly broadly adopted in industry, However, based on well over a dozen case studies, we have learned that deploying industry-strength, production quality ML models in systems…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-04 Jan Bosch , Ivica Crnkovic , Helena Holmström Olsson

Organisations increasingly use automated decision-making systems (ADMS) to inform decisions that affect humans and their environment. While the use of ADMS can improve the accuracy and efficiency of decision-making processes, it is also…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-11-09 Jakob Mokander , Maria Axente

Legal AI systems are increasingly being adopted by judicial and legal system deployers and providers worldwide to support a range of applications. While they offer potential benefits such as reducing bias, increasing efficiency, and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Gizem Gultekin-Varkonyi

The rise of algorithmic decision-making has spawned much research on fair machine learning (ML). Financial institutions use ML for building risk scorecards that support a range of credit-related decisions. Yet, the literature on fair ML in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-06-20 Nikita Kozodoi , Johannes Jacob , Stefan Lessmann

Algorithms of online platforms are required under the Digital Services Act (DSA) to comply with specific obligations concerning algorithmic transparency, user protection and privacy. To verify compliance with these requirements, DSA…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Sara Solarova , Matúš Mesarčík , Branislav Pecher , Ivan Srba

The interactive machine learning (IML) community aims to augment humans' ability to learn and make decisions over time through the development of automated decision-making systems. This interaction represents a collaboration between…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-05-16 Kory W. Mathewson

Algorithmic audits are essential tools for examining systems for properties required by regulators or desired by operators. Current audits of large language models (LLMs) primarily rely on black-box evaluations that assess model behavior…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Hannah Cyberey , Yangfeng Ji , David Evans

Using LLMs in healthcare, Computer-Supported Cooperative Work, and Social Computing requires the examination of ethical and social norms to ensure safe incorporation into human life. We conducted a mixed-method study, including an online…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Omid Veisi , Sasan Bahrami , Roman Englert , Claudia Müller