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By decomposing the image formation process into a sequential application of denoising autoencoders, diffusion models (DMs) achieve state-of-the-art synthesis results on image data and beyond. Additionally, their formulation allows for a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-14 Robin Rombach , Andreas Blattmann , Dominik Lorenz , Patrick Esser , Björn Ommer

Noise in low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) can obscure important diagnostic details. While deep learning offers powerful denoising, supervised methods require impractical paired data, and self-supervised alternatives often use opaque,…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-19 Yipeng Sun , Linda-Sophie Schneider , Siyuan Mei , Jinhua Wang , Ge Hu , Mingxuan Gu , Chengze Ye , Fabian Wagner , Lan Song , Siming Bayer , Andreas Maier

Digital image devices have been widely applied in many fields, including scientific imaging, recognition of individuals, and remote sensing. As the application of these imaging technologies to autonomous driving and measurement, image noise…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Yang Shao , Toshie Yaguchi , Toshiaki Tanigaki

Current deep learning methods for low-light image enhancement (LLIE) typically rely on pixel-wise mapping learned from paired data. However, these methods often overlook the importance of considering degradation representations, which can…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-28 Tao Wang , Kaihao Zhang , Ziqian Shao , Wenhan Luo , Bjorn Stenger , Tae-Kyun Kim , Wei Liu , Hongdong Li

Increasing use of CT in modern medical practice has raised concerns over associated radiation dose. Reduction of radiation dose associated with CT can increase noise and artifacts, which can adversely affect diagnostic confidence. Denoising…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-02-24 Qingsong Yang , Pingkun Yan , Mannudeep K. Kalra , Ge Wang

Chemical imaging enables label-free visualization of cells, tissues and living systems while providing direct biochemical information that is difficult to obtain with conventional fluorescence microscopy. Despite its promise in applications…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Yongkang Li , Brian Wong , King Wai Chiu , Hanwen Xu , Tangqi Fang , Erin Dunnington , Dan Fu , Sheng Wang

Low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) is critical for minimizing radiation exposure, but it often leads to increased noise and reduced image quality. Traditional denoising methods, such as iterative optimization or supervised learning, often…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Debopom Sutradhar , Ripon Kumar Debnath , Mohaimenul Azam Khan Raiaan , Yan Zhang , Reem E. Mohamed , Sami Azam

PET imaging is an invaluable tool in clinical settings as it captures the functional activity of both healthy anatomy and cancerous lesions. Developing automatic lesion segmentation methods for PET images is crucial since manual lesion…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-05 Tanya Gatsak , Kumar Abhishek , Hanene Ben Yedder , Saeid Asgari Taghanaki , Ghassan Hamarneh

Blind image restoration remains a significant challenge in low-level vision tasks. Recently, denoising diffusion models have shown remarkable performance in image synthesis. Guided diffusion models, leveraging the potent generative priors…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Jun Xiao , Zihang Lyu , Hao Xie , Cong Zhang , Yakun Ju , Changjian Shui , Kin-Man Lam

Denoising diffusion models represent a recent emerging topic in computer vision, demonstrating remarkable results in the area of generative modeling. A diffusion model is a deep generative model that is based on two stages, a forward…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Florinel-Alin Croitoru , Vlad Hondru , Radu Tudor Ionescu , Mubarak Shah

Low-dose CT (LDCT) protocols reduce radiation exposure but increase image noise, compromising diagnostic confidence. Diffusion-based generative models have shown promise for LDCT denoising by learning image priors and performing iterative…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Tomás de la Sotta , José M. Saavedra , Héctor Henríquez , Violeta Chang , Aline Xavier

The purpose of this study is to present and compare three denoising diffusion probabilistic models (DDPMs) that generate 3D $T_1$-weighted MRI human brain images. Three DDPMs were trained using 80,675 image volumes from 42,406 subjects…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-03 Samuel W. Remedios , Aaron Carass , Jerry L. Prince , Blake E. Dewey

Transforming two-dimensional (2D) images into three-dimensional (3D) volumes is a well-known yet challenging problem for the computer vision community. In the medical domain, a few previous studies attempted to convert two or more input…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-22 Pouria Rouzrokh , Bardia Khosravi , Shahriar Faghani , Kellen L. Mulford , Michael J. Taunton , Bradley J. Erickson , Cody C. Wyles

The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in biomedical imaging and radiotherapy is hindered by the limited availability of large imaging data repositories. With recent research and improvements in denoising diffusion…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-27 Rowan Bradbury , Katherine A. Vallis , Bartlomiej W. Papiez

Image-to-Image translation models can help mitigate various challenges inherent to medical image acquisition. Latent diffusion models (LDMs) leverage efficient learning in compressed latent space and constitute the core of state-of-the-art…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Junhyeok Lee , Hyunwoong Kim , Hyungjin Chung , Heeseong Eom , Joon Jang , Chul-Ho Sohn , Kyu Sung Choi

Diffusion models (DMs) have rapidly emerged as a powerful framework for image generation and restoration. However, existing DMs are primarily trained in a supervised manner by using a large corpus of clean images. This reliance on clean…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-15 Brett Levac , Jon Tamir , Marcelo Pereyra , Julian Tachella

In recent years, deep learning-based image compression, particularly through generative models, has emerged as a pivotal area of research. Despite significant advancements, challenges such as diminished sharpness and quality in…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-18 Ryugo Morita , Hitoshi Nishimura , Ko Watanabe , Andreas Dengel , Jinjia Zhou

In the intention of minimizing excessive X-ray radiation administration to patients, low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) has become a distinct trend in radiology. However, while lowering the radiation dose reduces the risk to the patient,…

Medical Physics · Physics 2022-04-12 Long Zhou , Xiaozhuang Wang , Min Hou , Ping Li , Chunlong Fu , Yanjun Ren , Tingting Shao , Xi Hu , Jihong Sun , Hongwei Ye

Deep learning methods have impacted almost every research field, demonstrating notable successes in medical imaging tasks such as denoising and super-resolution. However, the prerequisite for deep learning is data at scale, but data sharing…

Medical Physics · Physics 2024-02-16 Yongyi Shi , Wenjun Xia , Chuang Niu , Christopher Wiedeman , Ge Wang

Reducing the radiation dose in computed tomography (CT) is important to mitigate radiation-induced risks. One option is to employ a well-trained model to compensate for incomplete information and map sparse-view measurements to the CT…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-29 Xiaoyue Li , Kai Shang , Gaoang Wang , Mark D. Butala