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Saddle points provide a hierarchical view of the energy landscape, revealing transition pathways and interconnected basins of attraction, and offering insight into the global structure, metastability, and possible collective mechanisms of…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-10-17 Baoming Shi , Lei Zhang , Qiang Du

Large scale optimization problems are ubiquitous in machine learning and data analysis and there is a plethora of algorithms for solving such problems. Many of these algorithms employ sub-sampling, as a way to either speed up the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-02-29 Farbod Roosta-Khorasani , Michael W. Mahoney

Gradient descent is the primary workhorse for optimizing large-scale problems in machine learning. However, its performance is highly sensitive to the choice of the learning rate. A key limitation of gradient descent is its lack of natural…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-07-15 Oscar Smee , Fred Roosta , Stephen J. Wright

For solving large-scale non-convex problems, we propose inexact variants of trust region and adaptive cubic regularization methods, which, to increase efficiency, incorporate various approximations. In particular, in addition to approximate…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-02-21 Zhewei Yao , Peng Xu , Farbod Roosta-Khorasani , Michael W. Mahoney

We consider minimization of a smooth nonconvex function with inexact oracle access to gradient and Hessian (without assuming access to the function value) to achieve approximate second-order optimality. A novel feature of our method is that…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-03-27 Shuyao Li , Stephen J. Wright

Extremum seeking (ES) optimization approach has been very popular due to its non-model based analysis and implementation. This approach has been mostly used with gradient based search algorithms. Since least squares (LS) algorithms are…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-03-10 Nursefa Zengin , Baris Fidan

The Hessian-vector product has been utilized to find a second-order stationary solution with strong complexity guarantee (e.g., almost linear time complexity in the problem's dimensionality). In this paper, we propose to further reduce the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-10-03 Mingrui Liu , Tianbao Yang

We consider variants of a recently-developed Newton-CG algorithm for nonconvex problems \citep{royer2018newton} in which inexact estimates of the gradient and the Hessian information are used for various steps. Under certain conditions on…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-04-12 Zhewei Yao , Peng Xu , Fred Roosta , Stephen J. Wright , Michael W. Mahoney

It is very well known that when the exact line search gradient descent method is applied to a convex quadratic objective, the worst-case rate of convergence (ROC), among all seed vectors, deteriorates as the condition number of the Hessian…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-05-19 Thomas Yu

Extremum seeking control (ESC) constitutes a powerful technique for online optimization with theoretical guarantees for convergence to the neighborhood of the optimizer under well-understood conditions. However, ESC requires a nonconstant…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-02-07 Juan A. Paredes , Jhon Manuel Portella , Dennis S. Bernstein , Ankit Goel

Sign-based optimization methods have become popular in machine learning due to their favorable communication cost in distributed optimization and their surprisingly good performance in neural network training. Furthermore, they are closely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-20 Lukas Balles , Fabian Pedregosa , Nicolas Le Roux

This paper presents a Newton-based stochastic extremum-seeking control method for real-time optimization in multi-input systems with distinct input delays. It combines predictor-based feedback and Hessian inverse estimation via stochastic…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-02-04 Paulo Cesar Souza Silva , Paulo Cesar Pellanda , Tiago Roux Oliveira

Gradient-based algorithms are one of the methods of choice for the optimisation of Markov Decision Processes. In this article we will present a novel approximate Newton algorithm for the optimisation of such models. The algorithm has…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2015-08-05 Thomas Furmston , David Barber

Traditional analyses of gradient descent optimization show that, when the largest eigenvalue of the loss Hessian - often referred to as the sharpness - is below a critical learning-rate threshold, then training is 'stable' and training loss…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Lawrence Wang , Stephen J. Roberts

Gradient descent is commonly used to find minima in rough landscapes, particularly in recent machine learning applications. However, a theoretical understanding of why good solutions are found remains elusive, especially in strongly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Tony Bonnaire , Giulio Biroli , Chiara Cammarota

In this paper, we investigate the problem of source seeking with a unicycle in the presence of local extrema. Our study is motivated by the fact that most of the existing source seeking methods follow the gradient direction of the signal…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-03-29 Raik Suttner , Miroslav Krstic

We consider Sharpness-Aware Minimization (SAM), a gradient-based optimization method for deep networks that has exhibited performance improvements on image and language prediction problems. We show that when SAM is applied with a convex…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-12 Peter L. Bartlett , Philip M. Long , Olivier Bousquet

In this work, we consider smooth unconstrained optimization problems and we deal with the class of gradient methods with momentum, i.e., descent algorithms where the search direction is defined as a linear combination of the current…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-12-04 Matteo Lapucci , Giampaolo Liuzzi , Stefano Lucidi , Davide Pucci , Marco Sciandrone

This paper presents an extremum seeking control algorithm with an adaptive step-size that adjusts the aggressiveness of the controller based on the quality of the gradient estimate. The adaptive step-size ensures that the integral-action…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-12-21 Claus Danielson , Scott A. Bortoff , Ankush Chakrabarty

We present multivariable extremum seeking (ES) designs that achieve unbiased convergence to the optimum. Two designs are introduced: one with exponential unbiased convergence (unbiased extremum seeker, uES) and the other with…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-01-02 Cemal Tugrul Yilmaz , Mamadou Diagne , Miroslav Krstic