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Explainable artificially intelligent (XAI) systems form part of sociotechnical systems, e.g., human+AI teams tasked with making decisions. Yet, current XAI systems are rarely evaluated by measuring the performance of human+AI teams on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-01-24 Zana Buçinca , Phoebe Lin , Krzysztof Z. Gajos , Elena L. Glassman

Strategies based on Explainable Artificial Intelligence - XAI have emerged in computing to promote a better understanding of predictions made by black box models. Most XAI measures used today explain these types of models, generating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-18 José Ribeiro , Raíssa Silva , Lucas Cardoso , Ronnie Alves

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) has recently gained a swell of interest, as many Artificial Intelligence (AI) practitioners and developers are compelled to rationalize how such AI-based systems work. Decades back, most XAI systems…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Muhammad Suffian , Muhammad Yaseen Khan , Alessandro Bogliolo

In eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI), several counterfactual explainers have been proposed, each focusing on some desirable properties of counterfactual instances: minimality, actionability, stability, diversity, plausibility,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-30 Riccardo Guidotti , Salvatore Ruggieri

Finding experts is essential in Community Question Answering (CQA) platforms as it enables the effective routing of questions to potential users who can provide relevant answers. The key is to personalized learning expert representations…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Qiyao Peng , Hongyan Xu , Yinghui Wang , Hongtao Liu , Cuiying Huo , Wenjun Wang

Compositionality is one of the fundamental abilities of the human reasoning process, that allows to decompose a complex problem into simpler elements. Such property is crucial also for neural networks, especially when aiming for a more…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Luigi Quarantiello , Andrea Cossu , Vincenzo Lomonaco

Black-box Artificial Intelligence (AI) methods, e.g. deep neural networks, have been widely utilized to build predictive models that can extract complex relationships in a dataset and make predictions for new unseen data records. However,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-09-22 Milad Moradi , Matthias Samwald

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) methods in text summarization are essential for understanding the model behavior and fostering trust in model-generated summaries. Despite the effectiveness of XAI methods, recent studies have…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Seema Aswani , Sujala D. Shetty

Recommender systems help users navigate information overload by providing personalized recommendations aligned with their preferences. Collaborative Filtering (CF) is a widely adopted approach, but while advanced techniques like graph…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Qiyao Ma , Xubin Ren , Chao Huang

Explanation is necessary for humans to understand and accept decisions made by an AI system when the system's goal is known. It is even more important when the AI system makes decisions in multi-agent environments where the human does not…

When experiencing an information need, users want to engage with a domain expert, but often turn to an information retrieval system, such as a search engine, instead. Classical information retrieval systems do not answer information needs…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-07-23 Donald Metzler , Yi Tay , Dara Bahri , Marc Najork

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) aims to create transparency in modern AI models by offering explanations of the models to human users. There are many ways in which researchers have attempted to evaluate the quality of these XAI…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Joe Shymanski , Jacob Brue , Sandip Sen

Explanations are used in recommender systems for various reasons. Users have to be supported in making (high-quality) decisions more quickly. Developers of recommender systems want to convince users to purchase specific items. Users should…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-02-25 A. Felfernig , N. Tintarev , T. N. T. Trang , M. Stettinger

Explainable Recommender System (ExRec) provides transparency to the recommendation process, increasing users' trust and boosting the operation of online services. With the rise of large language models (LLMs), whose extensive world…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Bangcheng Sun , Yazhe Chen , Jilin Yang , Xiaodong Li , Hui Li

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are increasingly being used as controllers in reactive systems. However, DNNs are highly opaque, which renders it difficult to explain and justify their actions. To mitigate this issue, there has been a surge of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-06 Shahaf Bassan , Guy Amir , Davide Corsi , Idan Refaeli , Guy Katz

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is increasingly required in computational economics, where machine-learning forecasters can outperform classical econometric models but remain difficult to audit and use for policy. This survey…

General Economics · Economics 2025-12-16 Agustín García-García , Pablo Hidalgo , Julio E. Sandubete

In this paper we introduce Epistemic Strategy Logic (ESL), an extension of Strategy Logic with modal operators for individual knowledge. This enhanced framework allows us to represent explicitly and to reason about the knowledge agents have…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-04-04 Francesco Belardinelli

Lack of transparency in AI systems poses challenges in critical real-life applications. It is important to be able to explain the decisions of an AI system to ensure trust on the system. Explainable AI (XAI) algorithms play a vital role in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Sayantani Ghosh , Amit Kumar Das , Amlan Chakrabarti

The increasing complexity of AI systems has led to the growth of the field of Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI), which aims to provide explanations and justifications for the outputs of AI algorithms. While there is considerable…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Maryam Hashemi , Ali Darejeh , Francisco Cruz

Complex systems are increasingly explored through simulation-driven engineering workflows that combine physics-based and empirical models with optimization and analytics. Despite their power, these workflows face two central obstacles: (1)…