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Federated learning (FL) is vulnerable to backdoor attacks, yet most existing methods are limited by fixed-pattern or single-target triggers, making them inflexible and easier to detect. We propose FLAT (FL Arbitrary-Target Attack), a novel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Tuan Nguyen , Khoa D Doan , Kok-Seng Wong

Backdoor attack has emerged as a major security threat to deep neural networks (DNNs). While existing defense methods have demonstrated promising results on detecting or erasing backdoors, it is still not clear whether robust training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-02 Yige Li , Xixiang Lyu , Nodens Koren , Lingjuan Lyu , Bo Li , Xingjun Ma

To gather a significant quantity of annotated training data for high-performance image classification models, numerous companies opt to enlist third-party providers to label their unlabeled data. This practice is widely regarded as secure,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Dazhong Rong , Guoyao Yu , Shuheng Shen , Xinyi Fu , Peng Qian , Jianhai Chen , Qinming He , Xing Fu , Weiqiang Wang

Self-Supervised Learning (SSL) has shown great promise in learning representations from unlabeled data. The power of learning representations without the need for human annotations has made SSL a widely used technique in real-world…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Aryan Satpathy , Nilaksh Singh , Dhruva Rajwade , Somesh Kumar

Backdoor attacks pose serious security threats to deep neural networks (DNNs). Backdoored models make arbitrarily (targeted) incorrect predictions on inputs embedded with well-designed triggers while behaving normally on clean inputs. Many…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-07-21 Yudong Gao , Honglong Chen , Peng Sun , Junjian Li , Anqing Zhang , Zhibo Wang

Detecting energy theft is vital for effectively managing power grids, as it ensures precise billing and prevents financial losses. Split-learning emerges as a promising decentralized machine learning technique for identifying energy theft…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-28 Yang Yang , Xun Yuan , Arwa Alromih , Aryan Mohammadi Pasikhani , Prosanta Gope , Biplab Sikdar

Everyday, large amounts of sensitive data is distributed across mobile phones, wearable devices, and other sensors. Traditionally, these enormous datasets have been processed on a single system, with complex models being trained to make…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-10 Zongshun Zhang , Andrea Pinto , Valeria Turina , Flavio Esposito , Ibrahim Matta

Split learning enables efficient and privacy-aware training of a deep neural network by splitting a neural network so that the clients (data holders) compute the first layers and only share the intermediate output with the central…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Ege Erdogan , Unat Teksen , Mehmet Salih Celiktenyildiz , Alptekin Kupcu , A. Ercument Cicek

Federated Learning (FL) is a distributed learning paradigm that enables different parties to train a model together for high quality and strong privacy protection. In this scenario, individual participants may get compromised and perform…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-03-01 Kaiyuan Zhang , Guanhong Tao , Qiuling Xu , Siyuan Cheng , Shengwei An , Yingqi Liu , Shiwei Feng , Guangyu Shen , Pin-Yu Chen , Shiqing Ma , Xiangyu Zhang

Split Learning (SL) and Federated Learning (FL) are two prominent distributed collaborative learning techniques that maintain data privacy by allowing clients to never share their private data with other clients and servers, and fined…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-06 Momin Ahmad Khan , Virat Shejwalkar , Amir Houmansadr , Fatima Muhammad Anwar

Vertical split learning (SL) enables collaborative model training across parties holding complementary features without sharing raw data, but recent work has shown that it is highly vulnerable to poisoning-based backdoor attacks operating…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Yuhan Shui , Ruobin Jin , Zhihao Dou , Zhiqiang Gao

Backdoor attacks pose a significant threat to neural networks, enabling adversaries to manipulate model outputs on specific inputs, often with devastating consequences, especially in critical applications. While backdoor attacks have been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Zhen Guo , Abhinav Kumar , Reza Tourani

This work aims to provide both privacy and utility within a split learning framework while considering both forward attribute inference and backward reconstruction attacks. To address this, a novel approach has been proposed, which makes…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Griffin Higgins , Roozbeh Razavi-Far , Xichen Zhang , Amir David , Ali Ghorbani , Tongyu Ge

With the emerging trend of large generative models, ControlNet is introduced to enable users to fine-tune pre-trained models with their own data for various use cases. A natural question arises: how can we train ControlNet models while…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-16 Dixi Yao

Relying only on unlabeled data, Self-supervised learning (SSL) can learn rich features in an economical and scalable way. As the drive-horse for building foundation models, SSL has received a lot of attention recently with wide…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-24 Yifei Wang , Wenhan Ma , Stefanie Jegelka , Yisen Wang

Despite the promise of Federated Learning (FL) for privacy-preserving model training on distributed data, it remains susceptible to backdoor attacks. These attacks manipulate models by embedding triggers (specific input patterns) in the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Tuan Nguyen , Dung Thuy Nguyen , Khoa D Doan , Kok-Seng Wong

Federated learning (FL) enables multiple parties to collaboratively train a machine learning model without sharing their data; rather, they train their own model locally and send updates to a central server for aggregation. Depending on how…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-25 Mohammad Naseri , Yufei Han , Emiliano De Cristofaro

Federated Contrastive Learning (FCL) is an emerging privacy-preserving paradigm in distributed learning for unlabeled data. In FCL, distributed parties collaboratively learn a global encoder with unlabeled data, and the global encoder could…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Yao Huang , Kongyang Chen , Jiannong Cao , Jiaxing Shen , Shaowei Wang , Yun Peng , Weilong Peng , Kechao Cai

Backdoor attack intends to embed hidden backdoor into deep neural networks (DNNs), so that the attacked models perform well on benign samples, whereas their predictions will be maliciously changed if the hidden backdoor is activated by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-02-17 Yiming Li , Yong Jiang , Zhifeng Li , Shu-Tao Xia

Split learning (SL) is a new collaborative learning technique that allows participants, e.g. a client and a server, to train machine learning models without the client sharing raw data. In this setting, the client initially applies its part…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-20 Tanveer Khan , Khoa Nguyen , Antonis Michalas , Alexandros Bakas
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