English
Related papers

Related papers: Limits of Theory of Mind Modelling in Dialogue-Bas…

200 papers

The last couple of years have witnessed emerging research that appropriates Theory-of-Mind (ToM) tasks designed for humans to benchmark LLM's ToM capabilities as an indication of LLM's social intelligence. However, this approach has a…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Qiaosi Wang , Xuhui Zhou , Maarten Sap , Jodi Forlizzi , Hong Shen

LLM-based MAS are gaining popularity due to their potential for collaborative problem-solving enhanced by advances in natural language comprehension, reasoning, and planning. Research in Theory of Mind (ToM) and Belief-Desire-Intention…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Adam Kostka , Jarosław A. Chudziak

A growing body of work attempts to evaluate the theory of mind (ToM) abilities of humans and large language models (LLMs) using static, non-interactive question-and-answer benchmarks. However, theoretical work in the field suggests that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Jared Moore , Rasmus Overmark , Ned Cooper , Beba Cibralic , Nick Haber , Cameron R. Jones

Do large language models (LLMs) have theory of mind? A plethora of papers and benchmarks have been introduced to evaluate if current models have been able to develop this key ability of social intelligence. However, all rely on limited…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Melanie Sclar , Jane Yu , Maryam Fazel-Zarandi , Yulia Tsvetkov , Yonatan Bisk , Yejin Choi , Asli Celikyilmaz

Recent studies have increasingly demonstrated that large language models (LLMs) possess significant theory of mind (ToM) capabilities, showing the potential for simulating the tracking of mental states in generative agents. In this study,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Bo Yang , Jiaxian Guo , Yusuke Iwasawa , Yutaka Matsuo

$\textit{No man is an island.}$ Humans communicate with a large community by coordinating with different interlocutors within short conversations. This ability has been understudied by the research on building neural communicative agents.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-14 Hao Zhu , Graham Neubig , Yonatan Bisk

When reading a story, humans can quickly understand new fictional characters with a few observations, mainly by drawing analogies to fictional and real people they already know. This reflects the few-shot and meta-learning essence of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Mo Yu , Qiujing Wang , Shunchi Zhang , Yisi Sang , Kangsheng Pu , Zekai Wei , Han Wang , Liyan Xu , Jing Li , Yue Yu , Jie Zhou

Theory of Mind (ToM), the ability to track others epistemic state, makes humans efficient collaborators. AI agents need the same capacity in multi agent settings, yet existing benchmarks mostly test literal ToM by asking direct belief…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Gurusha Juneja , Dylan Lu , Saaket Agashe , Parth Diwane , Edward Gunn , Jayanth Srinivasa , Gaowen Liu , William Yang Wang , Yali Du , Xin Eric Wang

Originating in psychology, $\textit{Theory of Mind}$ (ToM) has attracted significant attention across multiple research communities, especially logic, economics, and robotics. Most psychological work does not aim at formalizing those…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Fengming Zhu , Yuxin Pan , Xiaomeng Zhu , Fangzhen Lin

This paper investigates whether LMs recruit shared computational mechanisms for general Theory of Mind (ToM) and language-specific pragmatic reasoning in order to contribute to the general question of whether LMs may be said to have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Polina Tsvilodub , Jan-Felix Klumpp , Amir Mohammadpour , Jennifer Hu , Michael Franke

Humans learn from observations and experiences to adjust their behaviours towards better performance. Interacting with such dynamic humans is challenging, as the robot needs to predict the humans accurately for safe and efficient…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Yuwen Liao , Muqing Cao , Xinhang Xu , Lihua Xie

The study explores whether current Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit Theory of Mind (ToM) capabilities -- specifically, the ability to infer others' beliefs, intentions, and emotions from text. Given that LLMs are trained on language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Anna Babarczy , Andras Lukacs , Peter Vedres , Zeteny Bujka

Theory of mind (ToM; Premack & Woodruff, 1978) broadly refers to humans' ability to represent the mental states of others, including their desires, beliefs, and intentions. We propose to train a machine to build such models too. We design a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-03-14 Neil C. Rabinowitz , Frank Perbet , H. Francis Song , Chiyuan Zhang , S. M. Ali Eslami , Matthew Botvinick

In this paper, a pragmatic semantic communication framework that enables effective goal-oriented information sharing between two-intelligent agents is proposed. In particular, semantics is defined as the causal state that encapsulates the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-12-01 Christo Kurisummoottil Thomas , Emilio Calvanese Strinati , Walid Saad

Theory-of-Mind (ToM) enables humans to infer mental states-such as beliefs, desires, and intentions-forming the foundation of social cognition. However, existing computational ToM methods rely on structured workflows with ToM-specific…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Chunhui Zhang , Zhongyu Ouyang , Kwonjoon Lee , Nakul Agarwal , Sean Dae Houlihan , Soroush Vosoughi , Shao-Yuan Lo

Most existing Theory of Mind (ToM) benchmarks for foundation models rely on variations of the Sally-Anne test, offering only a very limited perspective on ToM and neglecting the complexity of human social interactions. To address this gap,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Matteo Bortoletto , Constantin Ruhdorfer , Andreas Bulling

Relating explicit psychological mechanisms and observable behaviours is a central aim of psychological and behavioural science. We implemented the principles of the Projective Consciousness Model into artificial agents embodied as virtual…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-11-26 David Rudrauf , Grégoire Sergeant-Perthuis , Yvain Tisserand , Teerawat Monnor , Olivier Belli

An ideal integration of autonomous agents in a human world implies that they are able to collaborate on human terms. In particular, theory of mind plays an important role in maintaining common ground during human collaboration and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-22 Cristian-Paul Bara , Sky CH-Wang , Joyce Chai

Theory of Mind (ToM) is the ability to reason about one's own and others' mental states. ToM plays a critical role in the development of intelligence, language understanding, and cognitive processes. While previous work has primarily…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Yinghui He , Yufan Wu , Yilin Jia , Rada Mihalcea , Yulong Chen , Naihao Deng

Theory of Mind (ToM) refers to the ability to infer others' mental states, such as beliefs, desires, and intentions. Current vision-language embodied agents lack ToM-based decision-making, and existing benchmarks focus solely on human…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Ruoxuan Zhang , Qiyun Zheng , Zhiyu Zhou , Ziqi Liao , Siyu Wu , Jian-Yu Jiang-Lin , Bin Wen , Hongxia Xie , Jianlong Fu , Wen-Huang Cheng