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Related papers: Quantifying Semantic Emergence in Language Models

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The ability of Large Language Models (LLMs) to encode syntactic and semantic structures of language is well examined in NLP. Additionally, analogy identification, in the form of word analogies are extensively studied in the last decade of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Thilini Wijesiriwardene , Ruwan Wickramarachchi , Aishwarya Naresh Reganti , Vinija Jain , Aman Chadha , Amit Sheth , Amitava Das

Despite the empirical successes of Large Language Models (LLMs), the prevailing paradigm is heuristic and experiment-driven, tethered to massive compute and data, while a first-principles theory remains absent. This treatise develops a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Bo Bai

Classification is a core NLP task architecture with many potential applications. While large language models (LLMs) have brought substantial advancements in text generation, their potential for enhancing classification tasks remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Qian Ruan , Ilia Kuznetsov , Iryna Gurevych

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable generalization across diverse tasks, leading individuals to increasingly use them as personal assistants and universal computing engines. Nevertheless, a notable obstacle emerges…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-13 Dimitris Spathis , Fahim Kawsar

The adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs) across multiple contexts has sparked interest in understanding how scaling model size might lead to behavioral changes, as LLMs can exhibit behaviors not observed in their smaller counterparts.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-28 Conor O'Brien , Daniel Rodriguez-Cardenas , Alejandro Velasco , David N. Palacio , Denys Poshyvanyk

The extraction of a small number of relevant insights from vast amounts of data is a crucial component of data-driven decision-making. However, accomplishing this task requires considerable technical skills, domain expertise, and human…

While pretrained language models ("LM") have driven impressive gains over morpho-syntactic and semantic tasks, their ability to model discourse and pragmatic phenomena is less clear. As a step towards a better understanding of their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-19 Aili Shen , Meladel Mistica , Bahar Salehi , Hang Li , Timothy Baldwin , Jianzhong Qi

Despite the remarkable capabilities of Language Models (LMs) across diverse tasks, no single model consistently outperforms others, necessitating efficient methods to combine their strengths without expensive retraining. Existing model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Jian Gu , Aldeida Aleti , Chunyang Chen , Hongyu Zhang

The challenge of information extraction (IE) lies in the diversity of label schemas and the heterogeneity of structures. Traditional methods require task-specific model design and rely heavily on expensive supervision, making them difficult…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-10 Jie Lou , Yaojie Lu , Dai Dai , Wei Jia , Hongyu Lin , Xianpei Han , Le Sun , Hua Wu

In-context learning (ICL) enables large language models (LLMs) to perform new tasks using only a few demonstrations. However, in Named Entity Recognition (NER), existing ICL methods typically rely on task-agnostic semantic similarity for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Fan Bai , Hamid Hassanzadeh , Ardavan Saeedi , Mark Dredze

Natural language processing (NLP) has been widely used in quantitative finance, but traditional methods often struggle to capture rich narratives in corporate disclosures, leaving potentially informative signals under-explored. Large…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Chanyeol Choi , Yoon Kim , Yu Yu , Young Cha , V. Zach Golkhou , Igor Halperin , Georgios Papaioannou , Minkyu Kim , Zhangyang Wang , Jihoon Kwon , Minjae Kim , Alejandro Lopez-Lira , Yongjae Lee

In this work, we introduce Entropy Area Score (EAS), a simple yet effective metric to quantify uncertainty in the answer generation process of reasoning large language models (LLMs). EAS requires neither external models nor repeated…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Yongfu Zhu , Lin Sun , Guangxiang Zhao , Weihong Lin , Xiangzheng Zhang

This study introduces an ensemble framework for unstructured text categorization using large language models (LLMs). By integrating multiple models, the ensemble large language model (eLLM) framework addresses common weaknesses of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Ariel Kamen , Yakov Kamen

Large Language Models (LLMs) are known to hallucinate, whereby they generate plausible but inaccurate text. This phenomenon poses significant risks in critical applications, such as medicine or law, necessitating robust hallucination…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Benedict Aaron Tjandra , Muhammed Razzak , Jannik Kossen , Kunal Handa , Yarin Gal

Large language models (LLMs) have been applied in various applications due to their astonishing capabilities. With advancements in technologies such as chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting and in-context learning (ICL), the prompts fed to LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Huiqiang Jiang , Qianhui Wu , Chin-Yew Lin , Yuqing Yang , Lili Qiu

While pre-trained language models (LMs) have brought great improvements in many NLP tasks, there is increasing attention to explore capabilities of LMs and interpret their predictions. However, existing works usually focus only on a certain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-29 Yaozong Shen , Lijie Wang , Ying Chen , Xinyan Xiao , Jing Liu , Hua Wu

Automated interpretability aims to translate large language model (LLM) features into human understandable descriptions. However, natural language feature descriptions can be vague, inconsistent, and require manual relabeling. In response,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Angie Boggust , Donghao Ren , Yannick Assogba , Dominik Moritz , Arvind Satyanarayan , Fred Hohman

Large Language Models (LLMs) are known for their remarkable ability to generate synthesized 'knowledge', such as text documents, music, images, etc. However, there is a huge gap between LLM's and human capabilities for understanding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-14 Vladimir Cherkassky , Eng Hock Lee

Unlearning in large language models (LLMs) has emerged as a promising safeguard against adversarial behaviors. When the forgetting loss is applied uniformly without considering token-level semantic importance, model utility can be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Seunghee Koh , Sunghyun Baek , Youngdong Kim , Junmo Kim

Large language models (LLMs) have enabled a wide variety of real-world applications in various domains. However, creating a high-performing application with high accuracy remains challenging, particularly for subjective tasks like emotion…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Mengqi Wang , Tiantian Feng , Shrikanth Narayanan