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We present MultiLoKo, a new benchmark for evaluating multilinguality in LLMs covering 31 languages. MultiLoKo consists of three partitions: a main partition consisting of 500 questions per language, separately sourced to be locally relevant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Dieuwke Hupkes , Nikolay Bogoychev

Large language models (LLMs) have been shown to be able to perform new tasks based on a few demonstrations or natural language instructions. While these capabilities have led to widespread adoption, most LLMs are developed by resource-rich…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-28 BigScience Workshop , : , Teven Le Scao , Angela Fan , Christopher Akiki , Ellie Pavlick , Suzana Ilić , Daniel Hesslow , Roman Castagné , Alexandra Sasha Luccioni , François Yvon , Matthias Gallé , Jonathan Tow , Alexander M. Rush , Stella Biderman , Albert Webson , Pawan Sasanka Ammanamanchi , Thomas Wang , Benoît Sagot , Niklas Muennighoff , Albert Villanova del Moral , Olatunji Ruwase , Rachel Bawden , Stas Bekman , Angelina McMillan-Major , Iz Beltagy , Huu Nguyen , Lucile Saulnier , Samson Tan , Pedro Ortiz Suarez , Victor Sanh , Hugo Laurençon , Yacine Jernite , Julien Launay , Margaret Mitchell , Colin Raffel , Aaron Gokaslan , Adi Simhi , Aitor Soroa , Alham Fikri Aji , Amit Alfassy , Anna Rogers , Ariel Kreisberg Nitzav , Canwen Xu , Chenghao Mou , Chris Emezue , Christopher Klamm , Colin Leong , Daniel van Strien , David Ifeoluwa Adelani , Dragomir Radev , Eduardo González Ponferrada , Efrat Levkovizh , Ethan Kim , Eyal Bar Natan , Francesco De Toni , Gérard Dupont , Germán Kruszewski , Giada Pistilli , Hady Elsahar , Hamza Benyamina , Hieu Tran , Ian Yu , Idris Abdulmumin , Isaac Johnson , Itziar Gonzalez-Dios , Javier de la Rosa , Jenny Chim , Jesse Dodge , Jian Zhu , Jonathan Chang , Jörg Frohberg , Joseph Tobing , Joydeep Bhattacharjee , Khalid Almubarak , Kimbo Chen , Kyle Lo , Leandro Von Werra , Leon Weber , Long Phan , Loubna Ben allal , Ludovic Tanguy , Manan Dey , Manuel Romero Muñoz , Maraim Masoud , María Grandury , Mario Šaško , Max Huang , Maximin Coavoux , Mayank Singh , Mike Tian-Jian Jiang , Minh Chien Vu , Mohammad A. Jauhar , Mustafa Ghaleb , Nishant Subramani , Nora Kassner , Nurulaqilla Khamis , Olivier Nguyen , Omar Espejel , Ona de Gibert , Paulo Villegas , Peter Henderson , Pierre Colombo , Priscilla Amuok , Quentin Lhoest , Rheza Harliman , Rishi Bommasani , Roberto Luis López , Rui Ribeiro , Salomey Osei , Sampo Pyysalo , Sebastian Nagel , Shamik Bose , Shamsuddeen Hassan Muhammad , Shanya Sharma , Shayne Longpre , Somaieh Nikpoor , Stanislav Silberberg , Suhas Pai , Sydney Zink , Tiago Timponi Torrent , Timo Schick , Tristan Thrush , Valentin Danchev , Vassilina Nikoulina , Veronika Laippala , Violette Lepercq , Vrinda Prabhu , Zaid Alyafeai , Zeerak Talat , Arun Raja , Benjamin Heinzerling , Chenglei Si , Davut Emre Taşar , Elizabeth Salesky , Sabrina J. Mielke , Wilson Y. Lee , Abheesht Sharma , Andrea Santilli , Antoine Chaffin , Arnaud Stiegler , Debajyoti Datta , Eliza Szczechla , Gunjan Chhablani , Han Wang , Harshit Pandey , Hendrik Strobelt , Jason Alan Fries , Jos Rozen , Leo Gao , Lintang Sutawika , M Saiful Bari , Maged S. Al-shaibani , Matteo Manica , Nihal Nayak , Ryan Teehan , Samuel Albanie , Sheng Shen , Srulik Ben-David , Stephen H. Bach , Taewoon Kim , Tali Bers , Thibault Fevry , Trishala Neeraj , Urmish Thakker , Vikas Raunak , Xiangru Tang , Zheng-Xin Yong , Zhiqing Sun , Shaked Brody , Yallow Uri , Hadar Tojarieh , Adam Roberts , Hyung Won Chung , Jaesung Tae , Jason Phang , Ofir Press , Conglong Li , Deepak Narayanan , Hatim Bourfoune , Jared Casper , Jeff Rasley , Max Ryabinin , Mayank Mishra , Minjia Zhang , Mohammad Shoeybi , Myriam Peyrounette , Nicolas Patry , Nouamane Tazi , Omar Sanseviero , Patrick von Platen , Pierre Cornette , Pierre François Lavallée , Rémi Lacroix , Samyam Rajbhandari , Sanchit Gandhi , Shaden Smith , Stéphane Requena , Suraj Patil , Tim Dettmers , Ahmed Baruwa , Amanpreet Singh , Anastasia Cheveleva , Anne-Laure Ligozat , Arjun Subramonian , Aurélie Névéol , Charles Lovering , Dan Garrette , Deepak Tunuguntla , Ehud Reiter , Ekaterina Taktasheva , Ekaterina Voloshina , Eli Bogdanov , Genta Indra Winata , Hailey Schoelkopf , Jan-Christoph Kalo , Jekaterina Novikova , Jessica Zosa Forde , Jordan Clive , Jungo Kasai , Ken Kawamura , Liam Hazan , Marine Carpuat , Miruna Clinciu , Najoung Kim , Newton Cheng , Oleg Serikov , Omer Antverg , Oskar van der Wal , Rui Zhang , Ruochen Zhang , Sebastian Gehrmann , Shachar Mirkin , Shani Pais , Tatiana Shavrina , Thomas Scialom , Tian Yun , Tomasz Limisiewicz , Verena Rieser , Vitaly Protasov , Vladislav Mikhailov , Yada Pruksachatkun , Yonatan Belinkov , Zachary Bamberger , Zdeněk Kasner , Alice Rueda , Amanda Pestana , Amir Feizpour , Ammar Khan , Amy Faranak , Ana Santos , Anthony Hevia , Antigona Unldreaj , Arash Aghagol , Arezoo Abdollahi , Aycha Tammour , Azadeh HajiHosseini , Bahareh Behroozi , Benjamin Ajibade , Bharat Saxena , Carlos Muñoz Ferrandis , Daniel McDuff , Danish Contractor , David Lansky , Davis David , Douwe Kiela , Duong A. Nguyen , Edward Tan , Emi Baylor , Ezinwanne Ozoani , Fatima Mirza , Frankline Ononiwu , Habib Rezanejad , Hessie Jones , Indrani Bhattacharya , Irene Solaiman , Irina Sedenko , Isar Nejadgholi , Jesse Passmore , Josh Seltzer , Julio Bonis Sanz , Livia Dutra , Mairon Samagaio , Maraim Elbadri , Margot Mieskes , Marissa Gerchick , Martha Akinlolu , Michael McKenna , Mike Qiu , Muhammed Ghauri , Mykola Burynok , Nafis Abrar , Nazneen Rajani , Nour Elkott , Nour Fahmy , Olanrewaju Samuel , Ran An , Rasmus Kromann , Ryan Hao , Samira Alizadeh , Sarmad Shubber , Silas Wang , Sourav Roy , Sylvain Viguier , Thanh Le , Tobi Oyebade , Trieu Le , Yoyo Yang , Zach Nguyen , Abhinav Ramesh Kashyap , Alfredo Palasciano , Alison Callahan , Anima Shukla , Antonio Miranda-Escalada , Ayush Singh , Benjamin Beilharz , Bo Wang , Caio Brito , Chenxi Zhou , Chirag Jain , Chuxin Xu , Clémentine Fourrier , Daniel León Periñán , Daniel Molano , Dian Yu , Enrique Manjavacas , Fabio Barth , Florian Fuhrimann , Gabriel Altay , Giyaseddin Bayrak , Gully Burns , Helena U. Vrabec , Imane Bello , Ishani Dash , Jihyun Kang , John Giorgi , Jonas Golde , Jose David Posada , Karthik Rangasai Sivaraman , Lokesh Bulchandani , Lu Liu , Luisa Shinzato , Madeleine Hahn de Bykhovetz , Maiko Takeuchi , Marc Pàmies , Maria A Castillo , Marianna Nezhurina , Mario Sänger , Matthias Samwald , Michael Cullan , Michael Weinberg , Michiel De Wolf , Mina Mihaljcic , Minna Liu , Moritz Freidank , Myungsun Kang , Natasha Seelam , Nathan Dahlberg , Nicholas Michio Broad , Nikolaus Muellner , Pascale Fung , Patrick Haller , Ramya Chandrasekhar , Renata Eisenberg , Robert Martin , Rodrigo Canalli , Rosaline Su , Ruisi Su , Samuel Cahyawijaya , Samuele Garda , Shlok S Deshmukh , Shubhanshu Mishra , Sid Kiblawi , Simon Ott , Sinee Sang-aroonsiri , Srishti Kumar , Stefan Schweter , Sushil Bharati , Tanmay Laud , Théo Gigant , Tomoya Kainuma , Wojciech Kusa , Yanis Labrak , Yash Shailesh Bajaj , Yash Venkatraman , Yifan Xu , Yingxin Xu , Yu Xu , Zhe Tan , Zhongli Xie , Zifan Ye , Mathilde Bras , Younes Belkada , Thomas Wolf

Upon its release in late 2022, ChatGPT has brought a seismic shift in the entire landscape of AI, both in research and commerce. Through instruction-tuning a large language model (LLM) with supervised fine-tuning and reinforcement learning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Hailin Chen , Fangkai Jiao , Xingxuan Li , Chengwei Qin , Mathieu Ravaut , Ruochen Zhao , Caiming Xiong , Shafiq Joty

In this paper, we introduce MATA, a novel evaluation dataset to assess the ability of Large Language Models (LLMs) in Telugu language, comprising 729 carefully curated multiple-choice and open-ended questions that span diverse linguistic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Chalamalasetti Kranti , Sowmya Vajjala

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated prowess in a wide range of tasks. However, many LLMs exhibit significant performance discrepancies between high- and low-resource languages. To mitigate this challenge, we present FuxiTranyu,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Haoran Sun , Renren Jin , Shaoyang Xu , Leiyu Pan , Supryadi , Menglong Cui , Jiangcun Du , Yikun Lei , Lei Yang , Ling Shi , Juesi Xiao , Shaolin Zhu , Deyi Xiong

As large language models (LLMs) become more common in educational tools and programming environments, questions arise about how these systems should interact with users. This study investigates how different interaction styles with…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Kai Deng

Recently, significant public efforts have been directed towards developing low-cost models with capabilities akin to ChatGPT, thereby fostering the growth of open-source conversational models. However, there remains a scarcity of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Yunjie Ji , Yan Gong , Yong Deng , Yiping Peng , Qiang Niu , Baochang Ma , Xiangang Li

Large language models (LLMs) have recently reached an impressive level of linguistic capability, prompting comparisons with human language skills. However, there have been relatively few systematic inquiries into the linguistic capabilities…

Why do we build local large language models (LLMs)? What should a local LLM learn from the target language? Which abilities can be transferred from other languages? Do language-specific scaling laws exist? To explore these research…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become a key element of modern artificial intelligence, demonstrating the ability to address a wide range of language processing tasks at unprecedented levels of accuracy without the need of collecting…

The development of large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT has brought a lot of attention recently. However, their evaluation in the benchmark academic datasets remains under-explored due to the difficulty of evaluating the generative…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-07 Md Tahmid Rahman Laskar , M Saiful Bari , Mizanur Rahman , Md Amran Hossen Bhuiyan , Shafiq Joty , Jimmy Xiangji Huang

In recent years, large language models (e.g., Open AI's GPT-4, Meta's LLaMa, Google's PaLM) have become the dominant approach for building AI systems to analyze and generate language online. However, the automated systems that increasingly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-14 Gabriel Nicholas , Aliya Bhatia

Large language models (LLMs) need to serve everyone, including a global majority of non-English speakers. However, most LLMs today, and open LLMs in particular, are often intended for use in just English (e.g. Llama2, Mistral) or a small…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Carolin Holtermann , Paul Röttger , Timm Dill , Anne Lauscher

Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have showcased remarkable capabilities in natural language understanding. While demonstrating proficiency in everyday conversations and question-answering situations, these models frequently struggle…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-28 Chaoyi Wu , Weixiong Lin , Xiaoman Zhang , Ya Zhang , Yanfeng Wang , Weidi Xie

Slot-filling and intent detection are well-established tasks in Conversational AI. However, current large-scale benchmarks for these tasks often exclude evaluations of low-resource languages and rely on translations from English benchmarks,…

Large language models (LLMs) provide a new way to build chatbots by accepting natural language prompts. Yet, it is unclear how to design prompts to power chatbots to carry on naturalistic conversations while pursuing a given goal, such as…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-05-08 Jing Wei , Sungdong Kim , Hyunhoon Jung , Young-Ho Kim

This paper presents LOLA, a massively multilingual large language model trained on more than 160 languages using a sparse Mixture-of-Experts Transformer architecture. Our architectural and implementation choices address the challenge of…

The driving factors behind the development of large language models (LLMs) with impressive learning capabilities are their colossal model sizes and extensive training datasets. Along with the progress in natural language processing, LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-19 Thuat Nguyen , Chien Van Nguyen , Viet Dac Lai , Hieu Man , Nghia Trung Ngo , Franck Dernoncourt , Ryan A. Rossi , Thien Huu Nguyen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable progress in recent years; however, their excellent performance is still largely limited to major world languages, primarily English. Many LLMs continue to face challenges with…

Automatic evaluation is an integral aspect of dialogue system research. The traditional reference-based NLG metrics are generally found to be unsuitable for dialogue assessment. Consequently, recent studies have suggested various unique,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Chen Zhang , Luis Fernando D'Haro , Yiming Chen , Malu Zhang , Haizhou Li