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Sparse auto-encoders (SAEs) have re-emerged as a prominent method for mechanistic interpretability, yet they face two significant challenges: the non-smoothness of the $L_1$ penalty, which hinders reconstruction and scalability, and a lack…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Ouns El Harzli , Hugo Wallner , Yoonsoo Nam , Haixuan Xavier Tao

Despite strong empirical performance for image classification, deep neural networks are often regarded as ``black boxes'' and they are difficult to interpret. On the other hand, sparse convolutional models, which assume that a signal can be…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Xili Dai , Mingyang Li , Pengyuan Zhai , Shengbang Tong , Xingjian Gao , Shao-Lun Huang , Zhihui Zhu , Chong You , Yi Ma

Real-world problems often involve complex and unstructured sets of measurements, which occur when sensors are sparsely placed in either space or time. Being able to model this irregular spatiotemporal data and extract meaningful forecasts…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Arnaud Pannatier , Kyle Matoba , François Fleuret

Sparse autoencoders (SAEs) extract human-interpretable features from deep neural networks by transforming their activations into a sparse, higher dimensional latent space, and then reconstructing the activations from these latents.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Gonçalo Paulo , Stepan Shabalin , Nora Belrose

We propose split-brain autoencoders, a straightforward modification of the traditional autoencoder architecture, for unsupervised representation learning. The method adds a split to the network, resulting in two disjoint sub-networks. Each…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-04-21 Richard Zhang , Phillip Isola , Alexei A. Efros

Understanding point clouds is of great importance. Many previous methods focus on detecting salient keypoints to identity structures of point clouds. However, existing methods neglect the semantics of points selected, leading to poor…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-08-12 Ruoxi Shi , Zhengrong Xue , Xinyang Li

The quadratic complexity of attention remains the central bottleneck in long-context inference for large language models. Prior acceleration methods either sparsify the attention map with structured patterns or permanently evict tokens at…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Dongwon Jo , Beomseok Kang , Jiwon Song , Jae-Joon Kim

Acoustic-to-Word recognition provides a straightforward solution to end-to-end speech recognition without needing external decoding, language model re-scoring or lexicon. While character-based models offer a natural solution to the…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-08-22 Shruti Palaskar , Florian Metze

In sparse coding, we attempt to extract features of input vectors, assuming that the data is inherently structured as a sparse superposition of basic building blocks. Similarly, neural networks perform a given task by learning features of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-16 Deborah Pereg , Israel Cohen , Anthony A. Vassiliou

Neural network-based language models deal with data sparsity problems by mapping the large discrete space of words into a smaller continuous space of real-valued vectors. By learning distributed vector representations for words, each…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-27 Davide Nunes , Luis Antunes

Recent work has found that sparse autoencoders (SAEs) are an effective technique for unsupervised discovery of interpretable features in language models' (LMs) activations, by finding sparse, linear reconstructions of LM activations. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Senthooran Rajamanoharan , Arthur Conmy , Lewis Smith , Tom Lieberum , Vikrant Varma , János Kramár , Rohin Shah , Neel Nanda

We describe HypotheSAEs, a general method to hypothesize interpretable relationships between text data (e.g., headlines) and a target variable (e.g., clicks). HypotheSAEs has three steps: (1) train a sparse autoencoder on text embeddings to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Rajiv Movva , Kenny Peng , Nikhil Garg , Jon Kleinberg , Emma Pierson

It is now well established that sparse signal models are well suited to restoration tasks and can effectively be learned from audio, image, and video data. Recent research has been aimed at learning discriminative sparse models instead of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2009-09-29 Julien Mairal , Francis Bach , Jean Ponce , Guillermo Sapiro , Andrew Zisserman

Understanding and mitigating the potential risks associated with foundation models (FMs) hinges on developing effective interpretability methods. Sparse Autoencoders (SAEs) have emerged as a promising tool for disentangling FM…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Aashiq Muhamed , Mona Diab , Virginia Smith

Continual learning enables large language models to adapt to evolving tasks without retraining from scratch, yet catastrophic forgetting remains a central obstacle. Among continual learning methods, regularization-based approaches are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Mingxu Zhang , Yuhan Li , Lujundong Li , Dazhong Shen , Hui Xiong , Ying Sun

Scientific archives now contain hundreds of petabytes of data across genomics, ecology, climate, and molecular biology that could reveal undiscovered patterns if systematically analyzed at scale. Large-scale, weakly-supervised datasets in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Samuel Stevens , Jacob Beattie , Tanya Berger-Wolf , Yu Su

The usage of transformers has grown from learning about language semantics to forming meaningful visiolinguistic representations. These architectures are often over-parametrized, requiring large amounts of computation. In this work, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-07-09 Prajjwal Bhargava

Categorizing source codes accurately and efficiently is a challenging problem in real-world programming education platform management. In recent years, model-based approaches utilizing abstract syntax trees (ASTs) have been widely applied…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Ziyang Xiang , Zaixi Zhang , Qi Liu

To date, most discoveries of network subcomponents that implement human-interpretable computations in deep vision models have involved close study of single units and large amounts of human labor. We explore scalable methods for extracting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Achyuta Rajaram , Neil Chowdhury , Antonio Torralba , Jacob Andreas , Sarah Schwettmann

In Compressed Sensing, a real-valued sparse vector has to be estimated from an underdetermined system of linear equations. In many applications, however, the elements of the sparse vector are drawn from a finite set. For the estimation of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-08-24 Susanne Sparrer , Robert F. H. Fischer
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