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Recent successes of artificial intelligence and deep learning often depend on the well-collected training dataset which is assumed to have an identical distribution with the test dataset. However, this assumption, which is called closed-set…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Eui-Soo Jung , Hae-Hun Seo , Hyun-Woo Jung , Je-Geon Oh , Yoon-Yeong Kim

Anomaly detection (AD), separating anomalies from normal data, has many applications across domains, from security to healthcare. While most previous works were shown to be effective for cases with fully or partially labeled data, that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-08 Jinsung Yoon , Kihyuk Sohn , Chun-Liang Li , Sercan O. Arik , Chen-Yu Lee , Tomas Pfister

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is crucial for deploying robust and reliable machine-learning systems in open-world settings. Despite steady advances in OOD detectors, their interplay with modern training pipelines that maximize…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Gerhard Krumpl , Henning Avenhaus , Horst Possegger

In the object detection task, merging various datasets from similar contexts but with different sets of Objects of Interest (OoI) is an inexpensive way (in terms of labor cost) for crafting a large-scale dataset covering a wide range of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-06-30 Mahdieh Abbasi , Denis Laurendeau , Christian Gagne

This paper considers deep out-of-distribution active learning. In practice, fully trained neural networks interact randomly with out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs and map aberrant samples randomly within the model representation space. Since…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-13 Ryan Benkert , Mohit Prabhushankar , Ghassan AlRegib

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is important for deploying reliable machine learning models on real-world applications. Recent advances in outlier exposure have shown promising results on OOD detection via fine-tuning model with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Jianing Zhu , Geng Yu , Jiangchao Yao , Tongliang Liu , Gang Niu , Masashi Sugiyama , Bo Han

Deep neural networks suffer from the overconfidence issue in the open world, meaning that classifiers could yield confident, incorrect predictions for out-of-distribution (OOD) samples. Thus, it is an urgent and challenging task to detect…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-12 Qiuyu Zhu , Guohui Zheng , Yingying Yan

General unsupervised learning is a long-standing conceptual problem in machine learning. Supervised learning is successful because it can be solved by the minimization of the training error cost function. Unsupervised learning is not as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-12-04 Ilya Sutskever , Rafal Jozefowicz , Karol Gregor , Danilo Rezende , Tim Lillicrap , Oriol Vinyals

This paper proposes a method for OOD detection. Questioning the premise of previous studies that ID and OOD samples are separated distinctly, we consider samples lying in the intermediate of the two and use them for training a network. We…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-01-08 Engkarat Techapanurak , Anh-Chuong Dang , Takayuki Okatani

An anomaly detection method based on deep autoencoders is proposed to address anomalies that often occur in enterprise-level ETL data streams. The study first analyzes multiple types of anomalies in ETL processes, including delays, missing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Xin Chen , Saili Uday Gadgil , Kangning Gao , Yi Hu , Cong Nie

We introduce an online outlier detection algorithm to detect outliers in a sequentially observed data stream. For this purpose, we use a two-stage filtering and hedging approach. In the first stage, we construct a multi-modal probability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-03-13 Mohammadreza Mohaghegh Neyshabouri , Suleyman Serdar Kozat

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection aims to detect test samples that do not fall into any training in-distribution (ID) classes. Prior efforts focus on regularizing models with ID data only, largely underperforming counterparts that utilize…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Puning Yang , Jian Liang , Jie Cao , Ran He

The problem of detecting whether a test sample is from in-distribution (i.e., training distribution by a classifier) or out-of-distribution sufficiently different from it arises in many real-world machine learning applications. However, the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-02-27 Kimin Lee , Honglak Lee , Kibok Lee , Jinwoo Shin

Open-set semi-supervised learning (OSSL) leverages unlabeled data containing both in-distribution (ID) and unknown out-of-distribution (OOD) samples, aiming simultaneously to improve closed-set accuracy and detect novel OOD instances.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-19 You Rim Choi , Subeom Park , Seojun Heo , Eunchung Noh , Hyung-Sin Kim

As machine learning models continue to achieve impressive performance across different tasks, the importance of effective anomaly detection for such models has increased as well. It is common knowledge that even well-trained models lose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-23 Ramneet Kaur , Xiayan Ji , Souradeep Dutta , Michele Caprio , Yahan Yang , Elena Bernardis , Oleg Sokolsky , Insup Lee

Learning with noisy labels (LNL) is typically benchmarked by closed-set classification accuracy, yet deployment often requires classifiers to reject out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs. We present a learner-agnostic ACC-OOD benchmark that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Ningkang Peng , Jingyang Mao , Runhan Zhou , Peirong Ma , Yanhui Gu

Automating the monitoring of industrial processes has the potential to enhance efficiency and optimize quality by promptly detecting abnormal events and thus facilitating timely interventions. Deep learning, with its capacity to discern…

The quality of self-supervised pre-trained embeddings on out-of-distribution (OOD) data is poor without fine-tuning. A straightforward and simple approach to improving the generalization of pre-trained representation to OOD data is the use…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-21 Shuman Peng , Arash Khoeini , Sharan Vaswani , Martin Ester

In this paper, we present a simple and efficient method for training deep neural networks in a semi-supervised setting where only a small portion of training data is labeled. We introduce self-ensembling, where we form a consensus…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2017-03-16 Samuli Laine , Timo Aila

We propose a metric -- Projection Norm -- to predict a model's performance on out-of-distribution (OOD) data without access to ground truth labels. Projection Norm first uses model predictions to pseudo-label test samples and then trains a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-14 Yaodong Yu , Zitong Yang , Alexander Wei , Yi Ma , Jacob Steinhardt