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Humans are adept at uncovering abstract associations in the world around them, yet the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Intuitively, learning the higher-order structure of statistical relationships should involve complex…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2020-03-26 Christopher W. Lynn , Ari E. Kahn , Nathaniel Nyema , Danielle S. Bassett

Associative memory refers to the ability to relate a memory with an input and targets the restoration of corrupted patterns. It has been intensively studied in classical physical systems, as in neural networks where an attractor dynamics…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-27 Adrià Labay-Mora , Eliana Fiorelli , Roberta Zambrini , Gian Luca Giorgi

Enabling bi-directional retrieval of images and texts is important for understanding the correspondence between vision and language. Existing methods leverage the attention mechanism to explore such correspondence in a fine-grained manner.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-03-10 Hui Chen , Guiguang Ding , Xudong Liu , Zijia Lin , Ji Liu , Jungong Han

Dense Associative Memory networks (DenseAMs) unify several popular paradigms in Artificial Intelligence (AI), such as Hopfield Networks, transformers, and diffusion models, while casting their computational properties into the language of…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-04-07 Spencer Rooke , Dmitry Krotov , Vijay Balasubramanian , David Wolpert

Evolutionary accumulation models (EvAMs) are an emerging class of machine learning methods designed to infer the evolutionary pathways by which features are acquired. Applications include cancer evolution (accumulation of mutations),…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2026-03-13 Iain G. Johnston

An associative memory is a framework of content-addressable memory that stores a collection of message vectors (or a dataset) over a neural network while enabling a neurally feasible mechanism to recover any message in the dataset from its…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-11-30 Arya Mazumdar , Ankit Singh Rawat

Autonomous agents operating in dynamic and safety-critical environments require decision-making frameworks that are both computationally efficient and physically grounded. However, many existing approaches rely on end-to-end learning, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Zhaowen Fan , Rongchao Zhang

Heretofore, neural networks with external memory are restricted to single memory with lossy representations of memory interactions. A rich representation of relationships between memory pieces urges a high-order and segregated relational…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-12 Hung Le , Truyen Tran , Svetha Venkatesh

Most of the existing classification methods are aimed at minimization of empirical risk (through some simple point-based error measured with loss function) with added regularization. We propose to approach this problem in a more information…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-01-22 Wojciech Marian Czarnecki , Jacek Tabor

Drawing from memory the face of a friend you have not seen in years is a difficult task. However, if you happen to cross paths, you would easily recognize each other. The biological memory is equipped with an impressive compression…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-07-14 Rodrigo Simas , Luis Sa-Couto , Andreas Wichert

Dense Associative Memories are high storage capacity variants of the Hopfield networks that are capable of storing a large number of memory patterns in the weights of the network of a given size. Their common formulations typically require…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Benjamin Hoover , Duen Horng Chau , Hendrik Strobelt , Parikshit Ram , Dmitry Krotov

Spatial memory, or the ability to remember and recall specific locations and objects, is central to autonomous agents' ability to carry out tasks in real environments. However, most existing artificial memory modules are not very adept at…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-02-18 Daniel Lenton , Stephen James , Ronald Clark , Andrew J. Davison

The principle of maximum entropy provides a useful method for inferring statistical mechanics models from observations in correlated systems, and is widely used in a variety of fields where accurate data are available. While the assumptions…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2017-06-02 Ulisse Ferrari , Tomoyuki Obuchi , Thierry Mora

Empirical Mode Decomposition(EMD) is an adaptive data analysis technique for analyzing nonlinear and nonstationary data[1]. EMD decomposes the original data into a number of Intrinsic Mode Functions(IMFs)[1] for giving better physical…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-01-27 Sumit Kumar Ram , Marta Molinas

Associative memory models are content-addressable memory systems fundamental to biological intelligence and are notable for their high interpretability. However, existing models evaluate the quality of retrieval based on proximity, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Shurong Wang , Yuqi Pan , Zhuoyang Shen , Meng Zhang , Hongwei Wang , Guoqi Li

Despite evidence for the existence of engrams as memory support structures in our brains, there is no consensus framework in neuroscience as to what their physical implementation might be. Here we propose how we might design a computer…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2023-03-03 Jesus Marco de Lucas

Despite success across diverse tasks, current artificial recurrent network architectures rely primarily on implicit hidden-state memories, limiting their interpretability and ability to model long-range dependencies. In contrast, biological…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Daniel Szelogowski

It has been shown that a neural network model recently proposed to describe basic memory performance is based on a ternary/binary coding/decoding algorithm which leads to a new neural network assembly memory model (NNAMM) providing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Petro M. Gopych

Active systems across scales, ranging from molecular machines to human crowds, are usually modeled as assemblies of self-propelled particles driven by internally generated forces. However, these models often assume memoryless dynamics and…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-12-10 Marc Besse , Raphaël Voituriez

The human brain can recognize objects hidden in even severely degraded images after observing them for a while, which is known as a type of Eureka effect, possibly associated with human creativity. A previous psychological study suggests…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2022-07-05 Kazufumi Hosoda , Shigeto Seno , Tsutomu Murata