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We provide background on emerging challenges and future directions with media integrity and authentication methods, focusing on distinguishing AI-generated media from authentic content captured by cameras and microphones. We evaluate…

Cryptographic provenance standards such as C2PA and invisible watermarking are positioned as complementary defenses for content authentication, yet the two verification layers are technically independent: neither conditions on the output of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Alexander Nemecek , Hengzhi He , Guang Cheng , Erman Ayday

The rapid rise of generative AI has made it easy to create convincing fake media at scale. In response, an industrial coalition has developed the Coalition for Content Provenance and Authenticity (C2PA), a system intended to provide…

In recent years, industry leaders and researchers have proposed to use technical provenance standards to address visual misinformation spread through digitally altered media. By adding immutable and secure provenance information such as…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-09-12 K. J. Kevin Feng , Nick Ritchie , Pia Blumenthal , Andy Parsons , Amy X. Zhang

The most effective misinformation campaigns are multimodal, often combining text with images and videos taken out of context -- or fabricating them entirely -- to support a given narrative. Contemporary methods for detecting misinformation,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Tomas Peterka , Matyas Bohacek

Micro-blogs are contemporary broadcasting services for exchanging small elements of content, including video and images. Despite its popularity, micro-blogging is not without issues. So far, various security concerns, such as: privacy and…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2017-01-02 Georgios K. Pitsilis , Mohamed El-Hadedy

Social media and messaging apps have become major communication platforms. Multimedia contents promote improved user engagement and have thus become a very important communication tool. However, fake news and manipulated content can easily…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-08 Irene Amerini , Aris Anagnostopoulos , Luca Maiano , Lorenzo Ricciardi Celsi

The growing threat of deepfakes and manipulated media necessitates a radical rethinking of media authentication. Existing methods for watermarking synthetic data fall short, as they can be easily removed or altered, and current deepfake…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Bhaktipriya Radharapu , Harish Krishna

Ensuring the trustworthiness and long-term verifiability of scientific data is a foundational challenge in the era of data-intensive, collaborative research. Provenance metadata plays a key role in this context, capturing the origin,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Nicola Giuseppe Marchioro , Yannis Velegrakis , Valentine Anantharaj , Ian Foster , Sandro Luigi Fiore

In order to increase the value of scientific datasets and improve research outcomes, it is important that only trustworthy data is used. This paper presents mechanisms by which scientists and the organisations they represent can certify the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-04-07 Iain Barclay , Swapna Radha , Alun Preece , Ian Taylor , Jarek Nabrzyski

Advances in graphics and machine learning have led to the general availability of easy-to-use tools for modifying and synthesizing media. The proliferation of these tools threatens to cast doubt on the veracity of all media. One approach to…

The rapid advancement of generative AI systems has collapsed the credibility landscape for photographic evidence. Modern image generation models produce photorealistic images undermining the evidentiary foundation upon which journalism and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Sam Ryan

This work investigates the theoretical boundaries of creating publicly-detectable schemes to enable the provenance of watermarked imagery. Metadata-based approaches like C2PA provide unforgeability and public-detectability. ML techniques…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Jaiden Fairoze , Guillermo Ortiz-Jimenez , Mel Vecerik , Somesh Jha , Sven Gowal

The threat posed by misinformation and disinformation is one of the defining challenges of the 21st century. Provenance is designed to help combat this threat by warning users when the content they are looking at may be misinformation or…

In an organization specifically as virtual as cloud there is need for access control systems to constrain users direct or backhanded action that could lead to breach of security. In cloud, apart from owner access to confidential data the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-11-10 Muralikrishnan Ramane , Balaji Vasudevan , Sathappan Allaphan

The proliferation of multimedia content on social media platforms has dramatically transformed how information is consumed and disseminated. While this shift enables real-time coverage of global events, it also facilitates the rapid spread…

Misinformation is now a major problem due to its potential high risks to our core democratic and societal values and orders. Out-of-context misinformation is one of the easiest and effective ways used by adversaries to spread viral false…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-22 Sahar Abdelnabi , Rakibul Hasan , Mario Fritz

In a variety of applications, there is a need to authenticate content that has experienced legitimate editing in addition to potential tampering attacks. We develop one formulation of this problem based on a strict notion of security, and…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2007-07-13 Emin Martinian , Gregory W. Wornell , Brian Chen

Watermarking, the practice of embedding imperceptible information into media such as images, videos, audio, and text, is essential for intellectual property protection, content provenance and attribution. The growing complexity of digital…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-30 Aleksandar Petrov , Shruti Agarwal , Philip H. S. Torr , Adel Bibi , John Collomosse

Text content created by humans or language models is often stolen or misused by adversaries. Tracing text provenance can help claim the ownership of text content or identify the malicious users who distribute misleading content like…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-16 Xi Yang , Jie Zhang , Kejiang Chen , Weiming Zhang , Zehua Ma , Feng Wang , Nenghai Yu
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