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Program obfuscation is an important software protection technique that prevents attackers from revealing the programming logic and design of the software. We introduce translingual obfuscation, a new software obfuscation scheme which makes…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-01-13 Pei Wang , Shuai Wang , Jiang Ming , Yufei Jiang , Dinghao Wu

Logic locking aims to prevent intellectual property (IP) piracy and unauthorized overproduction of integrated circuits (ICs). However, initial logic locking techniques were vulnerable to the Boolean satisfiability (SAT)-based attacks. In…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-11-16 Lilas Alrahis , Satwik Patnaik , Muhammad Abdullah Hanif , Muhammad Shafique , Ozgur Sinanoglu

Rising device use and third-party IP integration in semiconductors raise security concerns. Unauthorized access, fault injection, and privacy invasion are potential threats from untrusted actors. Different security techniques have been…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-11-20 Geraldine Shirley Nicholas , Dhruvakumar Vikas Aklekar , Bhavin Thakar , Fareena Saqib

Commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) components are often preferred over custom Integrated Circuits (ICs) to achieve reduced system development time and cost, easy adoption of new technologies, and replaceability. Unfortunately, the integration…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Tanvir Hossain , Matthew Showers , Mahmudul Hasan , Tamzidul Hoque

Chip manufacturing is a complex process, and to achieve a faster time to market, an increasing number of untrusted third-party tools and designs from around the world are being utilized. The use of these untrusted third party intellectual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Kiran Thorat , Amit Hasan , Caiwen Ding , Zhijie Shi

Evaluating the effectiveness of software protection is crucial for selecting the most effective methods to safeguard assets within software applications. Obfuscation involves techniques that deliberately modify software to make it more…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Leonardo Regano , Daniele Canavese , Cataldo Basile , Marco Torchiano

In this work, we introduce an innovative autoregressive model leveraging Generative Pretrained Transformer (GPT) architectures, tailored for fraud detection in payment systems. Our approach innovatively confronts token explosion and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-25 Ze Yu Zhao , Zheng Zhu , Guilin Li , Wenhan Wang , Bo Wang

Advances in reverse engineering make it challenging to deploy any on-chip information in a way that is hidden from a determined attacker. A variety of techniques have been proposed for design obfuscation including look-alike cells in which…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-10-26 Shahrzad Keshavarz , Daniel Holcomb

Semiconductor design companies are integrating proprietary intellectual property (IP) blocks to build custom integrated circuits (IC) and fabricate them in a third-party foundry. Unauthorized IC copies cost these companies billions of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-04-20 Christian Pilato , Animesh Basak Chowdhury , Donatella Sciuto , Siddharth Garg , Ramesh Karri

Protecting sensitive program content is a critical issue in various situations, ranging from legitimate use cases to unethical contexts. Obfuscation is one of the most used techniques to ensure such protection. Consequently, attackers must…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Roxane Cohen , Robin David , Florian Yger , Fabrice Rossi

Plagiarism detection in programming education faces growing challenges due to increasingly sophisticated obfuscation techniques, particularly automated refactoring-based attacks. While code plagiarism detection systems used in education…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Robin Maisch , Larissa Schmid , Timur Sağlam , Nils Niehues

A potential vulnerability for integrated circuits (ICs) is the insertion of hardware trojans (HTs) during manufacturing. Understanding the practicability of such an attack can lead to appropriate measures for mitigating it. In this paper,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-22 Alexander Hepp , Tiago Perez , Samuel Pagliarini , Georg Sigl

Machine learning (ML) models that learn and predict properties of computer programs are increasingly being adopted and deployed. These models have demonstrated success in applications such as auto-completing code, summarizing large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-23 Shashank Srikant , Sijia Liu , Tamara Mitrovska , Shiyu Chang , Quanfu Fan , Gaoyuan Zhang , Una-May O'Reilly

This is the first work augmenting hardware attacks mounted on obfuscated circuits by incorporating deep recurrent neural network (D-RNN). Logic encryption obfuscation has been used for thwarting counterfeiting, overproduction, and reverse…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-03-12 Fatemeh Tehranipoor , Nima Karimian , Mehran Mozaffari Kermani , Hamid Mahmoodi

Logic locking is a prominent technique to protect the integrity of hardware designs throughout the integrated circuit design and fabrication flow. However, in recent years, the security of locking schemes has been thoroughly challenged by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-05-20 Dominik Sisejkovic , Farhad Merchant , Lennart M. Reimann , Harshit Srivastava , Ahmed Hallawa , Rainer Leupers

Existing countermeasures for hardware IP protection, such as obfuscation, camouflaging, and redaction, aim to defend against confidentiality and integrity attacks. However, within the current threat model, these techniques overlook the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Aritra Dasgupta , Sudipta Paria , Christopher Sozio , Andrew Lukefahr , Swarup Bhunia

To reduce the cost of ICs and to meet the market's demand, a considerable portion of manufacturing supply chain, including silicon fabrication, packaging and testing may be pushed offshore. Utilizing a global IC manufacturing supply chain,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-05-16 Kimia Zamiri Azar , Hadi Mardani Kamali , Houman Homayoun , Avesta Sasan

The current amount of IoT devices and their limitations has come to serve as a motivation for malicious entities to take advantage of such devices and use them for their own gain. To protect against cyberattacks in IoT devices, Machine…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-07-03 Vitalina Holubenko , Paulo Silva , Carlos Bento

Traditionally, inserting realistic Hardware Trojans (HTs) into complex hardware systems has been a time-consuming and manual process, requiring comprehensive knowledge of the design and navigating intricate Hardware Description Language…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-05 Md Omar Faruque , Peter Jamieson , Ahmad Patooghy , Abdel-Hameed A. Badawy

In the ever-evolving battle against malware, binary obfuscation techniques are a formidable barrier to effective analysis by both human security analysts and automated systems. In particular, virtualization or VM-based obfuscation is one of…