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The European Union (EU) has long favored a risk-based approach to regulation. Such an approach is also used in recent cyber security legislation enacted in the EU. Risks are also inherently related to compliance with the new legislation.…
Incident management is a classical topic in cyber security. Recently, the European Union (EU) has started to consider also the relation between cyber security incidents and cyber security crises. These considerations and preparations,…
Safety is becoming cybersecurity under most circumstances. This should be reflected in the Cybersecurity Resilience Act when it is proposed and agreed upon in the European Union. In this paper, we define a range of principles which this…
Cyber Security plays an important role in the field of information technology .Securing the information have become one of the biggest challenges in the present day. When ever we think about the cyber security the first thing that comes to…
The medical device products at the European Union market must be safe and effective. To ensure this, medical device manufacturers must comply to the new regulatory requirements brought by the Medical Device Regulation (MDR) and the In Vitro…
With the arrival of the European Union's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), several companies are making significant changes to their systems to achieve compliance. The changes range from modifying privacy policies to redesigning…
Because digital devices and systems are widely used in all aspects of society, the risk of adversaries creating cyberattacks on a similar level remains high. As such, regulation of these aspects must follow, which is the domain of…
The rise of the internet and computational power in recent years allowed for the exponential growth of misinformation phenomena. An issue that was a non-issue a decade ago, became a challenge for societal cohesion. The emergence of this new…
Product safety has been a concern in Europe ever since the early 1960s. Despite the long and relatively stable historical lineage of product safety regulations, new technologies, changes in the world economy, and other major transformations…
Cybersecurity in politics has emerged as a critical and intricate realm intersecting technology, governance, and international relations. In this interconnected digital context, political entities confront unparalleled challenges in…
The Cyber Resilience Act (CRA) of the European Union (EU) imposes many new cyber security requirements practically to all network-enabled information technology products, whether hardware or software. The paper examines and elaborates the…
In today's digitally interconnected world, cybersecurity threats have reached unprecedented levels, presenting a pressing concern for individuals, organizations, and governments. This study employs a qualitative research approach to…
This study examines the strategic role of cybersecurity based on survey data from 1,083 managers across Europe, the UK, and the United States. The findings indicate growing recognition of cybersecurity as a source of competitive advantage,…
With the advent of wide security platforms able to express simultaneously all the policies comprising an organization's global security policy, the problem of inconsistencies within security policies become harder and more relevant. We have…
A new Cyber Resilience Act (CRA) was recently agreed upon in the European Union (EU). The paper examines and elaborates what new requirements the CRA entails by contrasting it with the older General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR).…
This paper presents a comparative survey of cyberthreat and attack trends starting from 2010 till date Cyber security breaches are constantly on the rise with huge uncertainty and risks The trend is causing rife globally because of its…
Cyber insurance, which protects insured organizations against financial losses from cyberattacks and data breaches, can be difficult and expensive to obtain for many organizations. These difficulties stem from insurers difficulty in…
This study compares the National Cybersecurity Strategies (NCSSs) of publicly available documents of ten nations across Europe (United Kingdom, France, Lithuania, Estonia, Spain, and Norway), Asia-Pacific (Singapore and Australia), and the…
There is an increasing supply and demand for political advertising throughout the world. At the same time, societal threats, such as election interference by foreign governments and other bad actors, continues to be a pressing concern in…
The EU Artificial Intelligence Act (AIA) establishes different legal principles for different types of AI systems. While prior work has sought to clarify some of these principles, little attention has been paid to robustness and…