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Assuring safety for ``AI-based'' systems is one of the current challenges in safety engineering. For automated driving systems, in particular, further assurance challenges result from the open context that the systems need to operate in…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-29 Marcus Nolte , Nayel Fabian Salem , Olaf Franke , Jan Heckmann , Christoph Höhmann , Georg Stettinger , Markus Maurer

The growing advancements in Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) have emphasized the critical need to prioritize the absolute safety of AV maneuvers, especially in dynamic and unpredictable environments or situations. This objective becomes even more…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Dimia Iberraken , Lounis Adouane

Designing provably safe control is a core problem in trustworthy autonomy. However, most prior work in this regard assumes either that the system dynamics are known or deterministic, or that the state and action space are finite,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Xinhang Ma , Junlin Wu , Yiannis Kantaros , Yevgeniy Vorobeychik

Autonomous driving is a research direction that has gained enormous traction in the last few years thanks to advancements in Artificial Intelligence (AI). Depending on the level of independence from the human driver, several studies show…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-15 Francesco Marchiori , Alessandro Brighente , Mauro Conti

In recent years, formal methods have been extensively used in the design of autonomous systems. By employing mathematically rigorous techniques, formal methods can provide fully automated reasoning processes with provable safety guarantees…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-21 Xiang Yin , Bingzhao Gao , Xiao Yu

To build a smarter and safer city, a secure, efficient, and sustainable transportation system is a key requirement. The autonomous driving system (ADS) plays an important role in the development of smart transportation and is considered one…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Abu Shad Ahammed , Md Shahi Amran Hossain , Roman Obermaisser

This article outlines the architecture of autonomous driving and related complementary frameworks from the perspective of human comfort. The technical elements for measuring Autonomous Vehicle (AV) user comfort and psychoanalysis are listed…

Trajectory prediction is one of the key components of the autonomous driving software stack. Accurate prediction for the future movement of surrounding traffic participants is an important prerequisite for ensuring the driving efficiency…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-05-17 Wenbo Shao , Jun Li , Hong Wang

Ensuring safety for vehicle overtaking systems is one of the most fundamental and challenging tasks in autonomous driving. This task is particularly intricate when the vehicle must not only overtake its front vehicle safely but also…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-11 Dingran Yuan , Xinyi Yu , Shaoyuan Li , Xiang Yin

Autonomous driving systems have witnessed a significant development during the past years thanks to the advance in machine learning-enabled sensing and decision-making algorithms. One critical challenge for their massive deployment in the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Wenhao Ding , Chejian Xu , Mansur Arief , Haohong Lin , Bo Li , Ding Zhao

With an increasing degree of automation, automated vehicle systems become more complex in terms of functional components as well as interconnected hardware and software components. Thus, holistic systems engineering becomes a severe…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-04-25 Gerrit Bagschik , Marcus Nolte , Susanne Ernst , Markus Maurer

Decision-making for autonomous driving is challenging, considering the complex interactions among multiple traffic agents (e.g., autonomous vehicles (AVs), human drivers, and pedestrians) and the computational load needed to evaluate these…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-13 Mushuang Liu , Ilya Kolmanovsky , H. Eric Tseng , Suzhou Huang , Dimitar Filev , Anouck Girard

Inspired by widely-used techniques of causal modelling in risk, failure, and accident analysis, this work discusses a compositional framework for risk modelling. Risk models capture fragments of the space of risky events likely to occur…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Mario Gleirscher

We apply a compositional formal modeling and verification method to an autonomous aircraft taxi system. We provide insights into the modeling approach and we identify several research areas where further development is needed. Specifically,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-04-27 Alessandro Pinto , Anthony Corso , Edward Schmerling

The rapid development of artificial intelligence, especially deep learning technology, has advanced autonomous driving systems (ADSs) by providing precise control decisions to counterpart almost any driving event, spanning from anti-fatigue…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-13 Yao Deng , Tiehua Zhang , Guannan Lou , Xi Zheng , Jiong Jin , Qing-Long Han

Developing autonomous driving (AD) systems is challenging due to the complexity of the systems and the need to assure their safe and reliable operation. The widely adopted approach of DevOps seems promising to support the continuous…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Ali Nouri , Beatriz Cabrero-Daniel , Fredrik Törner , Christian Berger

Automated driving systems are subject to various kinds of uncertainty during design, development, and operation. These kinds of uncertainty lead to an inherent risk of the technology that can be mitigated, but never fully eliminated.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-15 Robert Graubohm , Nayel Fabian Salem , Marcus Nolte , Markus Maurer

Safe autonomous driving in mixed traffic requires a unified understanding of multimodal interactions and dynamic planning under uncertainty. Existing learning based approaches struggle to capture rare but safety critical behaviors, while…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Heye Huang , Yibin Yang , Mingfeng Fan , Haoran Wang , Xiaocong Zhao , Jianqiang Wang

Recent advances in deep learning have enabled the development of autonomous systems that use deep neural networks for perception. Formal verification of these systems is challenging due to the size and complexity of the perception DNNs as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Christopher Watson , Rajeev Alur , Divya Gopinath , Ravi Mangal , Corina S. Pasareanu

The complexity of automated driving poses challenges for providing safety assurance. Focusing on the architecting of an Autonomous Driving Intelligence (ADI), i.e. the computational intelligence, sensors and communication needed for high…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-12-06 Martin Törngren , Xinhai Zhang , Naveen Mohan , Matthias Becker , Lars Svensson , Xin Tao , De-Jiu Chen , Jonas Westman