Related papers: Post-Quantum Security: Origin, Fundamentals, and A…
We describe an efficient quantum algorithm for computing discrete logarithms in semigroups using Shor's algorithms for period finding and discrete log as subroutines. Thus proposed cryptosystems based on the presumed hardness of discrete…
In this paper, we first define the quantum discrete logarithm problem (QDLP)which is similar to classical discrete logarithm problem. But, this problem cannot be solved by Shor's quantum algorithm. Based on quantum discrete logarithm…
The convergence of the Internet of Things (IoT) and quantum computing is redefining the security paradigm of interconnected digital systems. Classical cryptographic algorithms such as RSA, Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC), and Advanced…
Technological advancements of Blockchain and other Distributed Ledger Techniques (DLTs) promise to provide significant advantages to applications seeking transparency, redundancy, and accountability. Actual adoption of these emerging…
We show in some detail how to implement Shor's efficient quantum algorithm for discrete logarithms for the particular case of elliptic curve groups. It turns out that for this problem a smaller quantum computer can solve problems further…
Quantum algorithms can break factoring and discrete logarithm based cryptography and weaken symmetric cryptography and hash functions. In order to estimate the real-world impact of these attacks, apart from tracking the development of…
The discrete logarithm problem (DLP) is the basis for several cryptographic primitives. Since Shor's work, it has been known that the DLP can be solved by combining a polynomial-size quantum circuit and a polynomial-time classical…
It is well known that Shor's quantum algorithm for integer factorization can break down the RSA public-key cryptosystem, which is widely used in many cryptographic applications. Thus, public-key cryptosystems in the quantum computational…
This whitepaper seeks to elucidate implications that the capabilities of developing quantum architectures have on blockchain vulnerabilities and mitigation strategies. First, we provide new resource estimates for breaking the 256-bit…
In recent years, quantum computers and Shor quantum algorithm have posed a threat to current mainstream asymmetric cryptography methods (e.g. RSA and Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC)). Therefore, it is necessary to construct a Post-Quantum…
Most currently used cryptographic tools for protecting data are based on certain computational assumptions, which makes them vulnerable with respect to technological and algorithmic developments, such as quantum computing. One existing…
The aim of this paper is to elucidate the implications of quantum computing in present cryptography and to introduce the reader to basic post-quantum algorithms. In particular the reader can delve into the following subjects: present…
Cryptography underpins the security of modern digital infrastructure, from cloud services to health data. However, many widely deployed systems will become vulnerable after the advent of scalable quantum computing. Although quantum-safe…
This paper describes the work carried out by the Inter-American Development Bank, the IDB Lab, LACChain, Cambridge Quantum Computing (CQC), and Tecnologico de Monterrey to identify and eliminate quantum threats in blockchain networks. The…
Blockchains have gained substantial attention from academia and industry for their ability to facilitate decentralized trust and communications. However, the rapid progress of quantum computing poses a significant threat to the security of…
With the advent of quantum computing, cryptocurrencies that rely on blockchain technology face mounting cryptographic vulnerabilities. This paper presents a comprehensive literature review evaluating how quantum algorithms, specifically…
With the development of Shor's algorithm, some nondeterministic polynomial (NP) time problems (e.g. prime factorization problems and discrete logarithm problems) may be solved in polynomial time. In recent years, although some homomorphic…
Blockchain and other Distributed Ledger Technologies (DLTs) have evolved significantly in the last years and their use has been suggested for numerous applications due to their ability to provide transparency, redundancy and accountability.…
The semidirect discrete logarithm problem (SDLP) is the following analogue of the standard discrete logarithm problem in the semidirect product semigroup $G\rtimes \mathrm{End}(G)$ for a finite semigroup $G$. Given $g\in G, \sigma\in…
As quantum computing technology continues to advance, post-quantum cryptographic methods capable of resisting quantum attacks have emerged as a critical area of focus. Given the potential vulnerability of existing homomorphic encryption…