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Background. Software companies need to manage and refactor Technical Debt issues. Therefore, it is necessary to understand if and when refactoring Technical Debt should be prioritized with respect to developing features or fixing bugs.…
Context: Technical Debt requirements are related to the distance between the ideal value of the specification and the system's actual implementation, which are consequences of strategic decisions for immediate gains, or unintended changes…
As the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in high-stakes decision-making increases, the ability to contest such decisions is being recognised in AI ethics guidelines as an important safeguard for individuals. Yet, there is little guidance…
Fixing bugs is an important phase in software development and maintenance. In practice, the process of bug fixing may conflict with the release schedule. Such confliction leads to a trade-off between software quality and release schedule,…
Context: Technical lag accumulates when software systems fail to keep pace with technological advancements, leading to a deterioration in software quality. Objective: This paper aims to consolidate existing research on technical lag,…
Certainty around the regulatory environment is crucial to enable responsible AI innovation and foster the social acceptance of these powerful new technologies. One notable source of uncertainty is, however, that the existing legal liability…
The technical state of software, i.e., its technical debt (TD) and maintainability are of increasing interest as ever more software is developed and deployed. Since td and maintainability are neither uniformly defined, not easy to…
The long lifetime and the evolving nature of industrial products make them subject to technical debt at different levels. Despite multiple years of research on technical debt management, our industrial experience shows that introducing…
Audits are critical mechanisms for identifying the risks and limitations of deployed artificial intelligence (AI) systems. However, the effective execution of AI audits remains incredibly difficult, and practitioners often need to make use…
Frontier LLMs are optimised around high-resource assumptions about language, knowledge, devices, and connectivity. Whilst widely accessible, they often misfit conditions in the Global South. As a result, users must often perform additional…
Artificial intelligence (AI) continues to find more numerous and more critical applications in the financial services industry, giving rise to fair and ethical AI as an industry-wide objective. While many ethical principles and guidelines…
AI integration in automotive perception systems shifts requirements from static specifications to continuously evolving entities shaped by data, models, and operating contexts. When such changes are not consistently documented, validated,…
Context: There is an increase in the investment and development of data-intensive (DI) solutions, systems that manage large amounts of data. Without careful management, this growing investment will also grow associated technical debt (TD).…
Background: Software companies must balance fast value delivery with quality, a trade-off that can introduce technical debt and potentially waste developers' time. As software systems evolve, technical debt tends to increase. However,…
This paper identifies and tackles the challenges of the requirements engineering discipline when applied to development of AI-based complex systems. Due to their complex behaviour, there is an immanent need for a tailored development…
Rising concern for the societal implications of artificial intelligence systems has inspired a wave of academic and journalistic literature in which deployed systems are audited for harm by investigators from outside the organizations…
Quantum computing is a rapidly growing field attracting the interest of both researchers and software developers. Supported by its numerous open-source tools, developers can now build, test, or run their quantum algorithms. Although the…
Recent research advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI) have yielded promising results for automated software vulnerability management. AI-based models are reported to greatly outperform traditional static analysis tools, indicating a…
Technical debt (TD) refers to the long-term costs associated with suboptimal design or code decisions in software development, often made to meet short-term delivery goals. Self-Admitted Technical Debt (SATD) occurs when developers…
Although AI is transforming the world, there are serious concerns about its ability to behave and make decisions responsibly. Many ethical regulations, principles, and frameworks for responsible AI have been issued recently. However, they…