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The de novo design of ligand-binding proteins with tailored functions is essential for advancing biotechnology and molecular medicine, yet existing AI approaches are limited by scarce protein-ligand complex data. To circumvent this data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Zhenqiao Song , Ramith Hettiarachchi , Chuan Li , Jianwen Xie , Lei Li

Deep learning methods have permeated into the research area of computer-aided drug design. The deep learning generative model and classical algorithm can be simultaneously used for three-dimensional (3D) drug design in the 3D pocket of the…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2020-06-18 Qifeng Bai

Multi-subject image generation requires seamlessly harmonizing multiple reference identities within a coherent scene. However, existing methods relying on rigid spatial masks or localized attention often struggle with the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Honghao Cai , Xiangyuan Wang , Jing Li , Yunhao Bai , Tianze Zhou , Haohua Chen , Chao Hui , Changhao Qiao , Runqi Wang , Sijie Xu , Yuyang Hao , Zezhou Cui , Yuyuan Yang , Wei Zhu , Yibo Chen , Xu Tang , Yao Hu , Zhen Li

Structure-based drug design (SBDD), aiming to generate 3D molecules with high binding affinity toward target proteins, is a vital approach in novel drug discovery. Although recent generative models have shown great potential, they suffer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Jingyuan Zhou , Hao Qian , Shikui Tu , Lei Xu

Molecular optimization, aimed at improving binding affinity or other molecular properties, is a crucial task in drug discovery that often relies on the expertise of medicinal chemists. Recently, deep learning-based 3D generative models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Anjie Qiao , Junjie Xie , Weifeng Huang , Hao Zhang , Jiahua Rao , Shuangjia Zheng , Yuedong Yang , Zhen Wang , Guo-Bo Li , Jinping Lei

Recent remarkable advancements in geometric deep generative models, coupled with accumulated structural data, enable structure-based drug design (SBDD) using only target protein information. However, existing models often struggle to…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2026-03-09 Joongwon Lee , Wonho Zhung , Jisu Seo , Woo Youn Kim

Diffusion models have achieved promising results for Structure-Based Drug Design (SBDD). Nevertheless, high-quality protein subpocket and ligand data are relatively scarce, which hinders the models' generation capabilities. Recently, Direct…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2026-02-11 Xiwei Cheng , Xiangxin Zhou , Yuwei Yang , Yu Bao , Quanquan Gu

Recently, deep generative models for molecular graphs are gaining more and more attention in the field of de novo drug design. A variety of models have been developed to generate topological structures of drug-like molecules, but…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2021-09-16 Yibo Li , Jianfeng Pei , Luhua Lai

Radiotherapy planning is a highly complex process that often varies significantly across institutions and individual planners. Most existing deep learning approaches for 3D dose prediction rely on reference plans as ground truth during…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Riqiang Gao , Simon Arberet , Martin Kraus , Han Liu , Wilko FAR Verbakel , Dorin Comaniciu , Florin-Cristian Ghesu , Ali Kamen

Generation of drug-like molecules with high binding affinity to target proteins remains a difficult and resource-intensive task in drug discovery. Existing approaches primarily employ reinforcement learning, Markov sampling, or deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Peter Eckmann , Kunyang Sun , Bo Zhao , Mudong Feng , Michael K. Gilson , Rose Yu

Recent advancements in deep learning-based modeling of molecules promise to accelerate in silico drug discovery. A plethora of generative models is available, building molecules either atom-by-atom and bond-by-bond or fragment-by-fragment.…

Designing new molecules is essential for drug discovery and material science. Recently, deep generative models that aim to model molecule distribution have made promising progress in narrowing down the chemical research space and generating…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2023-06-06 Han Huang , Leilei Sun , Bowen Du , Weifeng Lv

The strict selectivity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) represents one of the most formidable challenges to successful central nervous system (CNS) drug delivery. Computational methods to generate BBB permeable drugs in silico may be…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-07-02 Ayush Noori , Iñaki Arango , William E. Byrd , Nada Amin

Deep generative models have gained significant advancements to accelerate drug discovery by generating bioactive chemicals against desired targets. Nevertheless, most generated compounds that have been validated for potent bioactivity often…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2024-01-03 Weixin Xie , Jianhang Zhang , Qin Xie , Chaojun Gong , Youjun Xu , Luhua Lai , Jianfeng Pei

Structure-based drug design (SBDD), which aims to generate 3D ligand molecules binding to target proteins, is a fundamental task in drug discovery. Existing SBDD methods typically treat protein as rigid and neglect protein structural change…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-10-01 Zaixi Zhang , Mengdi Wang , Qi Liu

Can we train a 3D molecule generator using data from dense regions to generate samples in sparse regions? This challenge can be framed as an out-of-distribution (OOD) generation problem. While prior research on OOD generation predominantly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Haokai Hong , Wanyu Lin , Ming Yang , Kay Chen Tan

Recent advances in multimodal large language models (MLLMs) and diffusion models (DMs) have opened new possibilities for AI-generated content. Yet, personalized cover image generation remains underexplored, despite its critical role in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Zhipeng Bian , Jieming Zhu , Qijiong Liu , Wang Lin , Guohao Cai , Zhaocheng Du , Jiacheng Sun , Zhou Zhao , Zhenhua Dong

The efficacy of a drug depends on its binding affinity to the therapeutic target and pharmacokinetics. Deep learning (DL) has demonstrated remarkable progress in predicting drug efficacy. We develop MolDesigner, a human-in-the-loop web…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2020-10-09 Kexin Huang , Tianfan Fu , Dawood Khan , Ali Abid , Ali Abdalla , Abubakar Abid , Lucas M. Glass , Marinka Zitnik , Cao Xiao , Jimeng Sun

Proteins in complex with small molecule ligands represent the core of structure-based drug discovery. However, three-dimensional representations are absent from most deep-learning-based generative models. We here present a graph-based…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2022-04-07 Seung-gu Kang , Jeffrey K. Weber , Joseph A. Morrone , Leili Zhang , Tien Huynh , Wendy D. Cornell

The development of novel pharmaceuticals represents a significant challenge in modern science, with substantial costs and time investments. Deep generative models have emerged as promising tools for accelerating drug discovery by…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2025-05-20 Adarsh Singh