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Detection limits are common in biomedical and environmental studies, where key covariates or outcomes are censored below an assay-specific threshold. Standard approaches such as complete-case analysis, single-value substitution, and…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-12-12 Y. Xu , S. Tu L. Shao , T. Lin , X. M. Tu

Treatment policy estimands are frequently favored by regulators, as they assess the effect of treatment assignment regardless of post-randomization events. Despite best efforts, missing data due to study discontinuation cannot be fully…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-13 Ajmal Oodally , Craig Wang , Zheng Li , Tim Morris , Tobias Mütze , Arunava Chakravartty

Respondent-driven sampling (RDS) is a commonly used substitute for random sampling when studying hidden populations, such as injecting drug users or men who have sex with men, for which no sampling frame is known. The method is an extension…

Methodology · Statistics 2012-05-01 Xin Lu , Jens Malmros , Fredrik Liljeros , Tom Britton

Personalized optimal decision making, finding the optimal decision rule (ODR) based on individual characteristics, has attracted increasing attention recently in many fields, such as education, economics, and medicine. Current ODR methods…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-04-22 Hengrui Cai , Rui Song , Wenbin Lu

This paper develops a new approach to post-selection inference for screening high-dimensional predictors of survival outcomes. Post-selection inference for right-censored outcome data has been investigated in the literature, but much…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-12-22 Tzu-Jung Huang , Alex Luedtke , Ian W. McKeague

Consider sensitivity analysis for estimating average treatment effects under unmeasured confounding, assumed to satisfy a marginal sensitivity model. At the population level, we provide new representations for the sharp population bounds…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-09-26 Zhiqiang Tan

Modern genomics research relies on genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to identify the few genetic variants among potentially millions that are associated with diseases of interest. Only reproducible discoveries of groups of associations…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-10-08 Jasin Machkour , Michael Muma , Daniel P. Palomar

External controls from historical trials or observational data can augment randomized controlled trials when large-scale randomization is impractical or unethical, such as in drug evaluation for rare diseases. However, non-randomized…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-05-08 Ke Zhu , Shu Yang , Xiaofei Wang

Radiologists often mix medical image reading strategies, including inspection of individual modalities and local image regions, using information at different locations from different images independently as well as concurrently. In this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Xiangcen Wu , Shaheer U. Saeed , Yipei Wang , Ester Bonmati Coll , Yipeng Hu

Non-regular sampling can reduce aliasing at the expense of noise. Recently, it has been shown that non-regular sampling can be carried out using a conventional regular imaging sensor when the surface of its individual pixels is partially…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-03-02 Simon Grosche , Jürgen Seiler , André Kaup

We develop a multivariate cure survival model to estimate lifetime patterns of colorectal cancer screening. Screening data cover long periods of time, with sparse observations for each person. Some events may occur before the study begins…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-09-16 Yolanda Hagar , Danielle Harvey , Laurel Beckett

Proton pencil beam scanning (PBS) treatment planning for head and neck (H&N) cancers is a time-consuming and experience-demanding task where a large number of planning objectives are involved. Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has recently…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2024-09-19 Qingqing Wang , Chang Chang

Feature or variable selection is a problem inherent to large data sets. While many methods have been proposed to deal with this problem, some can scale poorly with the number of predictors in a data set. Screening methods scale linearly…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-01-09 Naveed Merchant , Jeffrey D. Hart

Censored data, where the event time is partially observed, are challenging for survival probability estimation. In this paper, we introduce a novel nonparametric fiducial approach to interval-censored data, including right-censored, current…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-11-30 Yifan Cui , Jan Hannig , Michael Kosorok

Tests for paired censored outcomes have been extensively studied, with some justified in the context of randomization-based inference. These tests are primarily designed to detect an overall treatment effect across the entire follow-up…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-06-10 Sangjin Lee , Kwonsang Lee

Motivated by the need to analyze continuously updated data sets in the context of time-to-event modeling, we propose a novel nonparametric approach to estimate the conditional hazard function given a set of continuous and discrete…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-07-03 Daphné Aurouet , Valentin Patilea

Throughout the world, breast cancer is one of the leading causes of female death. Recently, deep learning methods are developed to automatically grade breast cancer of histological slides. However, the performance of existing deep learning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-09 Yanyuet Man , Xiangyun Ding , Xingcheng Yao , Han Bao

Time-to-event endpoints are frequently used as outcomes in oncology and other disease areas where the outcome of interest may not be observed within a predetermined period. Although many analytical methods address the challenges of…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-14 Chen-Yen Lin , Susan Halabi , Taehwa Choi

The use of propensity score (PS) methods has become ubiquitous in causal inference. At the heart of these methods is the positivity assumption. Violation of the positivity assumption leads to the presence of extreme PS weights when…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-05-21 Yi Liu , Huiyue Li , Yunji Zhou , Roland Matsouaka

We develop inference procedures for longitudinal data where some of the measurements are censored by fixed constants. We consider a semi-parametric quantile regression model that makes no distributional assumptions. Our research is…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2009-04-02 Huixia Judy Wang , Mendel Fygenson