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Background: Transrectal ultrasound guided systematic biopsies of the prostate is a routine procedure to establish a prostate cancer diagnosis. However, the 10-12 prostate core biopsies only sample a relatively small volume of the prostate,…
We propose a method to quantify uncertainty around individual survival distribution estimates using right-censored data, compatible with any survival model. Unlike classical confidence intervals, the survival bands produced by this method…
While the inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) is a commonly used approach for treatment comparisons in observational data, the resulting estimates may be subject to bias and excessively large variance when there is lack of…
Targeted therapies on the basis of genomic aberrations analysis of the tumor have shown promising results in cancer prognosis and treatment. Regardless of tumor type, trials that match patients to targeted therapies for their particular…
In studies based on electronic health records (EHR), the frequency of covariate monitoring can vary by covariate type, across patients, and over time. This can lead to major challenges: first, the difference in monitoring protocols may…
Sepsis is a deadly condition affecting many patients in the hospital. Recent studies have shown that patients diagnosed with sepsis have significant mortality and morbidity, resulting from the body's dysfunctional host response to…
Selecting the top-$m$ variables with the $m$ largest population parameters from a larger set of candidates is a fundamental problem in statistics. In this paper, we propose a novel methodology called Sequential Correct Screening (SCS),…
Adaptive sample size re-estimation (SSR) is a well-established strategy for improving the efficiency and flexibility of clinical trials. Its central challenge is determining whether, and by how much, to increase the sample size at an…
Surveillance research is of great importance for effective and efficient epidemiological monitoring of case counts and disease prevalence. Taking specific motivation from ongoing efforts to identify recurrent cases based on the Georgia…
A very classical problem in statistics is to test the stochastic superiority of one distribution to another. However, many existing approaches are developed for independent samples and, moreover, do not take censored data into account. We…
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the leading causes of death for men worldwide. Multi-parametric magnetic resonance (mpMR) imaging has emerged as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for detecting and localising prostate tumours by specialised…
Active learning (AL) has found wide applications in medical image segmentation, aiming to alleviate the annotation workload and enhance performance. Conventional uncertainty-based AL methods, such as entropy and Bayesian, often rely on an…
Computed tomography (CT) is a widely-used imaging technology that assists clinical decision-making with high-quality human body representations. To reduce the radiation dose posed by CT, sparse-view and limited-angle CT are developed with…
Breast cancer patients may experience relapse or death after surgery during the follow-up period, leading to dependent censoring of relapse. This phenomenon, known as semi-competing risk, imposes challenges in analyzing treatment effects on…
Annealed Importance Sampling (AIS) synthesizes weighted samples from an intractable distribution given its unnormalized density function. This algorithm relies on a sequence of interpolating distributions bridging the target to an initial…
Speculative Decoding is a prominent technique for accelerating the autoregressive inference of large language models (LLMs) by employing a fast draft model to propose candidate token sequences and a large target model to verify them in…
Response-adaptive randomization (RAR) methods can be used to adapt randomization probabilities based on accumulating data, aiming to increase the probability of allocating patients to effective treatments. A popular RAR method is Thompson…
The reduced-rank regression model is a popular model to deal with multivariate response and multiple predictors, and is widely used in biology, chemometrics, econometrics, engineering, and other fields. In the reduced-rank regression…
Survival analysis is a statistical technique used to estimate the time until an event occurs. Although it is applied across a wide range of fields, adjusting for reporting delays under practical constraints remains a significant challenge…
We use a Stochastic Hybrid Automaton (SHA) model of prostate cancer evolution under intermittent androgen suppression (IAS) to study a threshold-based policy for therapy design. IAS is currently one of the most widely used treatments for…