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Photoplethysmogram (PPG) is increasingly used to provide monitoring of the cardiovascular system under ambulatory conditions. Wearable devices like smartwatches use PPG to allow long term unobtrusive monitoring of heart rate in free living…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-22 Shyam A , Vignesh Ravichandran , Preejith S. P , Jayaraj Joseph , Mohanasankar Sivaprakasam

Electrocardiogram (ECG) is a valuable tool for medical diagnosis used worldwide. Its use has contributed significantly to the prevention of cardiovascular diseases including infarctions. Although physicians need to see the printed curves…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-22 Manuel Pazos-Santomé , Fernando Martín-Rodríguez , Mónica Fernández-Barciela

Conscious state estimation is important in various medical settings, including sleep staging and anesthesia management, to ensure patient safety and optimize health outcomes. Traditional methods predominantly utilize electroencephalography…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-06 Young-Seok Kweon , Gi-Hwan Shin , Ji-Yong Kim , Bokyeong Ryu , Seong-Whan Lee

Background: Photoplethysmography (PPG) is a non-invasive optical sensing technique widely used to capture hemodynamic information, with broad deployment in both clinical monitoring systems and wearable devices. In recent years, the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Guangkun Nie , Jiabao Zhu , Gongzheng Tang , Deyun Zhang , Shijia Geng , Qinghao Zhao , Shenda Hong

Photoplethysmography (PPG) signals encode information about relative changes in blood volume that can be used to assess various aspects of cardiac health non-invasively, e.g.\ to detect atrial fibrillation (AF) or predict blood pressure…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Ciaran Bench , Vivek Desai , Mohammad Moulaeifard , Nils Strodthoff , Philip Aston , Andrew Thompson

Over the course of the past two decades, a substantial body of research has substantiated the viability of utilising cardiac signals as a biometric modality. This paper presents a novel approach for patient identification in healthcare…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Caterina Fuster-Barceló , Carmen Cámara , Pedro Peris-López

Photoplethysmogram (PPG) signal-based blood pressure (BP) estimation is a promising candidate for modern BP measurements, as PPG signals can be easily obtained from wearable devices in a non-invasive manner, allowing quick BP measurement.…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-03-01 Hyeongju Kim , Woo Hyun Kang , Hyeonseung Lee , Nam Soo Kim

Cardiovascular signals such as photoplethysmography (PPG), electrocardiography (ECG), and blood pressure (BP) are inherently correlated and complementary, together reflecting the health of cardiovascular system. However, their joint…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Zehua Chen , Yuyang Miao , Liyuan Wang , Luyun Fan , Danilo P. Mandic , Jun Zhu

An arrhythmia, also known as a dysrhythmia, refers to an irregular heartbeat. There are various types of arrhythmias that can originate from different areas of the heart, resulting in either a rapid, slow, or irregular heartbeat. An…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-12 Taymaz Akan , Sait Alp , Mohammad Alfrad Nobel Bhuiyan

Simultaneous electrocardiography (ECG) and phonocardiogram (PCG) provide a comprehensive, multimodal perspective on cardiac function by capturing the heart's electrical and mechanical activities, respectively. However, the distinct and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Sajjad Karimi , Amit J. Shah , Gari D. Clifford , Reza Sameni

Pulsatile changes in retinal vascular geometry over the cardiac cycle have clinical implications for the diagnosis of ocular and systemic vascular diseases, including ischemia, coronary heart diseases, and diabetes mellitus and its…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-09-24 Pranjal Rai , Sachin Jangir , Tanvir Singh Bal

Multi-channel photoplethysmography (PPG) sensors have found widespread adoption in wearable devices for monitoring cardiac health. Channels thereby serve different functions -- whereas green is commonly used for metrics such as heart rate…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-24 Manuel Meier , Berken Utku Demirel , Christian Holz

An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a time-series signal that is represented by one-dimensional (1-D) data. Higher dimensional representation contains more information that is accessible for feature extraction. Hidden variables such as frequency…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-04-12 K. S. Rajput , S. Wibowo , C. Hao , M. Majmudar

The emergence of deep learning has significantly enhanced the analysis of electrocardiograms (ECGs), a non-invasive method that is essential for assessing heart health. Despite the complexity of ECG interpretation, advanced deep learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-05 Zibin Zhao

Electrocardiograms (ECGs) and photoplethysmograms (PPGs) are generally used to monitor an individual's cardiovascular health. In clinical settings, ECGs and fingertip PPGs are the main signals used for assessing cardiovascular health, but…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-26 Nathan C. L. Kong , Dae Lee , Huyen Do , Dae Hoon Park , Cong Xu , Hongda Mao , Jonathan Chung

Ensuring timely and accurate diagnosis of medical conditions is paramount for effective patient care. Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals are fundamental for evaluating a patient's cardiac health and are readily available. Despite this, little…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-21 Juan Miguel Lopez Alcaraz , Nils Strodthoff

Heart rate (HR) estimation from photoplethysmography (PPG) signals is a key feature of modern wearable devices for health and wellness monitoring. While deep learning models show promise, their performance relies on the availability of…

Photoplethysmography (PPG) is widely used in wearable health monitoring, yet large PPG foundation models remain difficult to deploy on resource-limited devices. We present PPG-Distill, a knowledge distillation framework that transfers both…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Juntong Ni , Saurabh Kataria , Shengpu Tang , Carl Yang , Xiao Hu , Wei Jin

Electrocardiogram (ECG) can be reliably used as a measure to monitor the functionality of the cardiovascular system. Recently, there has been a great attention towards accurate categorization of heartbeats. While there are many…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2018-11-06 Mohammad Kachuee , Shayan Fazeli , Majid Sarrafzadeh

Smartwatches have become popular for monitoring physiological parameters outside clinical settings. Using reflective photoplethysmography (PPG) sensors, such watches can non-invasively estimate heart rate (HR) in everyday environments and…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-24 Manuel Meier , Christian Holz