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The remarkable advancements in large language models (LLMs) have significantly enhanced the performance in few-shot learning settings. By using only a small number of labeled examples, referred to as demonstrations, LLMs can effectively…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-23 Katerina Margatina , Timo Schick , Nikolaos Aletras , Jane Dwivedi-Yu

In-context learning (ICL) refers to the process of adding a small number of localized examples from a training set of labelled data to an LLM's prompt with an objective to effectively control the generative process seeking to improve the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Manish Chandra , Debasis Ganguly , Iadh Ounis

In-context learning (ICL) is a crucial capability of current large language models (LLMs), where the selection of examples plays a key role in performance. While most existing approaches focus on selecting the most similar examples to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Wenyang Xiao , Haoyu Zhao , Lingxiao Huang

A computationally expensive and memory intensive neural network lies behind the recent success of language representation learning. Knowledge distillation, a major technique for deploying such a vast language model in resource-scarce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-20 Geondo Park , Gyeongman Kim , Eunho Yang

In-context learning can improve the performances of knowledge-rich tasks such as question answering. In such scenarios, in-context examples trigger a language model (LM) to surface information stored in its parametric knowledge. We study…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-05 Yoonsang Lee , Pranav Atreya , Xi Ye , Eunsol Choi

We propose a context-adaptive entropy model for use in end-to-end optimized image compression. Our model exploits two types of contexts, bit-consuming contexts and bit-free contexts, distinguished based upon whether additional bit…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-05-07 Jooyoung Lee , Seunghyun Cho , Seung-Kwon Beack

We conceptualize the process of understanding as information compression, and propose a method for ranking large language models (LLMs) based on lossless data compression. We demonstrate the equivalence of compression length under…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Peijia Guo , Ziguang Li , Haibo Hu , Chao Huang , Ming Li , Rui Zhang

In-context learning is a surprising and important phenomenon that emerged when modern language models were scaled to billions of learned parameters. Without modifying a large language model's weights, it can be tuned to perform various…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-15 Noam Wies , Yoav Levine , Amnon Shashua

In-context learning enables large language models to adapt to new tasks, but their performance is highly sensitive to the selected examples. Finding effective demonstrations is particularly difficult in domain-specific, low-data settings…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Simen Bihaug-Frøyland , Henrik Brådland

Prompt compression condenses contexts while maintaining their informativeness for different usage scenarios. It not only shortens the inference time and reduces computational costs during the usage of large language models, but also lowers…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Xiao Pu , Tianxing He , Xiaojun Wan

Large Language Models (LLMs) often experience performance degradation during long-running interactions due to increasing context length, memory saturation, and computational overhead. This paper presents an adaptive context compression…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Payal Fofadiya , Sunil Tiwari

Scaling language models to longer contexts is essential for capturing rich dependencies across extended discourse. However, na\"ive context extension imposes significant computational and memory burdens, often resulting in inefficiencies…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Wenhao Li , Bangcheng Sun , Weihao Ye , Tianyi Zhang , Daohai Yu , Fei Chao , Rongrong Ji

Long Context Language Models (LCLMs) have emerged as a new paradigm to perform Information Retrieval (IR), which enables the direct ingestion and retrieval of information by processing an entire corpus in their single context, showcasing…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Minju Seo , Jinheon Baek , Seongyun Lee , Sung Ju Hwang

Through reading the documentation in the context, tool-using language models can dynamically extend their capability using external tools. The cost is that we have to input lengthy documentation every time the model needs to use the tool,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Yang Xu , Yunlong Feng , Honglin Mu , Yutai Hou , Yitong Li , Xinghao Wang , Wanjun Zhong , Zhongyang Li , Dandan Tu , Qingfu Zhu , Min Zhang , Wanxiang Che

In-context learning is the paradigm that adapts large language models to downstream tasks by providing a few examples. Few-shot selection -- selecting appropriate examples for each test instance separately -- is important for in-context…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Shengnan An , Bo Zhou , Zeqi Lin , Qiang Fu , Bei Chen , Nanning Zheng , Weizhu Chen , Jian-Guang Lou

Retrieval-augmented generation supports language models to strengthen their factual groundings by providing external contexts. However, language models often face challenges when given extensive information, diminishing their effectiveness…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Chanwoong Yoon , Taewhoo Lee , Hyeon Hwang , Minbyul Jeong , Jaewoo Kang

Although existing model editing methods perform well in recalling exact edit facts, they often struggle in complex scenarios that require deeper semantic understanding rather than mere knowledge regurgitation. Leveraging the strong…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Shuaiyi Li , Zhisong Zhang , Yang Deng , Chenlong Deng , Tianqing Fang , Hongming Zhang , Haitao Mi , Dong Yu , Wai Lam

Compressing lengthy context is a critical but technically challenging problem. In this paper, we propose a new method called UltraGist, which is distinguished for its high-quality compression of lengthy context due to the innovative design…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Peitian Zhang , Zheng Liu , Shitao Xiao , Ninglu Shao , Qiwei Ye , Zhicheng Dou

In-Context Learning (ICL) empowers Large Language Models (LLMs) for rapid task adaptation without Fine-Tuning (FT), but its reliance on demonstration selection remains a critical challenge. While many-shot ICL shows promising performance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Jianfei Zhang , Bei Li , Jun Bai , Rumei Li , Yanmeng Wang , Chenghua Lin , Wenge Rong

We found that enforcing guidance throughout the sampling process is often counterproductive due to the model-fitting issue, where samples are 'tuned' to match the classifier's parameters rather than generalizing the expected condition. This…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Anh-Dung Dinh , Daochang Liu , Chang Xu