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The quantum simulation of real molecules and materials is one of the most highly anticipated applications of quantum computing. Algorithms for simulating electronic structure using a first-quantized plane wave representation are especially…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-22 William J. Huggins , Oskar Leimkuhler , Torin F. Stetina , K. Birgitta Whaley

Loading classical data into quantum registers is one of the most important primitives of quantum computing. While the complexity of preparing a generic quantum state is exponential in the number of qubits, in many practical tasks the state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-02 Fereshte Mozafari , Giovanni De Micheli , Yuxiang Yang

Quantum state preparation is a crucial process within numerous quantum algorithms, and the need for efficient initialization of quantum registers is ever increasing as demand for useful quantum computing grows. The problem arises as the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-11 Andrew Wright , Marco Lewis , Paolo Zuliani , Sadegh Soudjani

Quantum state preparation is an important subroutine in many quantum algorithms. The goal is to encode classical information directly to the quantum state so that it is possible to leverage quantum algorithms for data processing. However,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-01 Oskari Kerppo , William Steadman , Ossi Niemimäki , Valtteri Lahtinen

Quantum state preparation is an important subroutine for quantum computing. We show that any $n$-qubit quantum state can be prepared with a $\Theta(n)$-depth circuit using only single- and two-qubit gates, although with a cost of an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-25 Xiao-Ming Zhang , Tongyang Li , Xiao Yuan

Quantum computing is believed to be particularly useful for the simulation of chemistry and materials, among the various applications. In recent years, there have been significant advancements in the development of near-term quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-12 Guoming Wang , Sukin Sim , Peter D. Johnson

Quantum machine learning (QML) is emerging as an application of quantum computing with the potential to deliver quantum advantage, but its realisation for practical applications remains impeded by challenges. Amongst those, a key barrier is…

Quantum state tomography is a powerful, but resource-intensive, general solution for numerous quantum information processing tasks. This motivates the design of robust tomography procedures that use relevant resources as sparingly as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-17 Fernando G. S. L. Brandão , Richard Kueng , Daniel Stilck França

It has been known that quantum error correction via concatenated codes can be done with exponentially small failure rate if the error rate for physical qubits is below a certain accuracy threshold. Other, unconcatenated codes with their own…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-12-18 Eric Dennis

MQuantum algorithms of matrix operations are of great significance in many fields in science and technology. In this paper, by leveraging multi-qubit Toffoli gates and basic single-qubit operations, the quantum algorithms of matrix…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-26 Yu-Hang Liu , Yuan-Hong Tao , jing-Run Lan , Shao-Ming Fei

We present a comprehensive architectural analysis for a proposed fault-tolerant quantum computer based on cat codes concatenated with outer quantum error-correcting codes. For the physical hardware, we propose a system of acoustic…

Quantum state preparation, also known as encoding or embedding, is a crucial initial step in many quantum algorithms and often constrains theoretical quantum speedup in fields such as quantum machine learning and linear equation solvers.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-04 Vittorio Pagni , Gary Schmiedinghoff , Kevin Lively , Michael Epping , Michael Felderer

The realization of quantum algorithms relies on specific quantum compilations according to the underlying quantum processors. However, there are various ways to physically implement qubits in different physical devices and manipulate those…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-15 Hui Jiang , Diankang Li , Yuxin Deng , Ming Xu

In quantum algorithms discovered so far for simulating scattering processes in quantum field theories, state preparation is the slowest step. We present a new algorithm for preparing particle states to use in simulation of Fermionic Quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-10-25 Ali Hamed Moosavian , Stephen Jordan

Ubiquitous in quantum computing is the step to encode data into a quantum state. This process is called quantum state preparation, and its complexity for non-structured data is exponential on the number of qubits. Several works address this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-28 Israel F. Araujo , Carsten Blank , Ismael C. S. Araújo , Adenilton J. da Silva

Finding the ground state of a Hamiltonian system is of great significance in many-body quantum physics and quantum chemistry. We propose an improved iterative quantum algorithm to prepare the ground state of a Hamiltonian. The crucial point…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-25 Jin-Min Liang , Qiao-Qiao Lv , Shu-Qian Shen , Ming Li , Zhi-Xi Wang , Shao-Ming Fei

In this paper, we present an algorithm for preparing quantum states of the form $\sum_{i=0}^{n-1} \alpha_i |i\rangle$, where the coefficients $\alpha_i$ are specified by a quantum oracle. Our method achieves this task twice as fast as the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-17 Artem Chernikov , Karina Zakharova , Sergey Sysoev

Quantum algorithms are a promising framework for unfolding the causal configurations of multiloop Feynman diagrams, which is equivalent to querying the \textit{directed acyclic graph} (DAG) configurations of undirected graphs in graph…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-25 Selomit Ramírez-Uribe , Andrés E. Rentería-Olivo , Germán Rodrigo

We give a pair of algorithms that efficiently learn a quantum state prepared by Clifford gates and $O(\log n)$ non-Clifford gates. Specifically, for an $n$-qubit state $|\psi\rangle$ prepared with at most $t$ non-Clifford gates, our…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-07 Sabee Grewal , Vishnu Iyer , William Kretschmer , Daniel Liang

Quantum computation of the energy of molecules and materials is one of the most promising applications of fault-tolerant quantum computers. Practical applications require development of quantum algorithms with reduced resource requirements.…