Related papers: Vacuum polarization in molecules II: higher order …
Radiative corrections to electronic structure are characterized by perturbative expansions in $\alpha$ and $Z\alpha$, where $\alpha$ is the fine-structure constant and $Z$ is the nuclear charge. A formulation of the leading-order…
Vacuum polarization corrections to the energy levels of bound electrons are calculated using a perturbative path integral formalism. We apply quantum electrodynamics in a framework which treats the strong binding nuclear field to all…
The energy levels of the $n=1$ and $n=2$ bound states of the $\mu^+\mu^-$ atom (true muonium) are calculated starting from a previously derived potential that correctly describes positronium to order $\alpha^5$ supplemented by the known…
Effects of vacuum polarization modify the energy levels in atoms with an orbiting particle heavier than an electron. The dominant effect is due to the Uehling potential. In this paper we consider the relativistic corrections to the energy…
We consider a point charge fixed in the Rindler coordinates which describe a uniformly accelerated frame. We determine an integral expression of the induced charge density due to the vacuum polarization at the first order in the fine…
The vacuum-polarization correction for bound electrons or muons is examined. The objective is to formulate a framework for calculating the correction from bound-state quantum electrodynamics entirely in coordinate space, including the…
A calculation of the QED vacuum polarization potential in the Coulomb field of a pointlike nucleus was presented in an earlier publication by the author and his collaborators. Corrections up to order $\alpha^2 (Z\alpha)^7$ were evaluated,…
It is common practice to take for granted the equality (up to the constant $\varepsilon_0$) of the electric displacement ($\bf{D}$) and electric ($\bf{E}$) field vectors in vacuum. The same happens with the magnetic field ($\bf{H}$) and the…
The general formula for the interaction potential between two point electric charges which contains the lowest order corrections to the vacuum polarization is derived and investigated. Analytical derivation of this formula is based on the…
We perform a theoretical study of vacuum polarization corrections to the hyperfine structure in many-electron atoms. Calculations are performed for systems of interest for precision atomic tests of fundamental physics belonging to the…
The probability of photon emission of a charged particle traversing a strong field becomes modified if vacuum polarization is considered. This feature is important for fundamental quantum electrodynamics processes present in extreme…
We construct and study the vacuum polarization, $\langle \phi^{2}\rangle_{D},$ of the quantized massive scalar field with a general curvature coupling parameter in higher-dimensional static and spherically-symmetric black hole spacetimes,…
The worldline variational approach is extended beyond the quenched approximation, i.e. to include virtual pair production of heavy particles. This is achieved either by an expansion of the functional determinant to second order or by an…
We develop precise formulation for the effects of vacuum polarization near a pointlike source with a zero-range ($\delta$-like) potential in three spatial dimensions. There are different ways of introducing $\delta$-interaction in the…
The nuclear-polarization corrections to the energy levels of highly charged ions are systematically investigated to leading order in the fine-structure constant. To this end, the notion of effective photon propagators with…
The shift of atomic energy levels due to hadronic vacuum polarization is evaluated in a semiempirical way for hydrogenlike ions and for muonic hydrogen. A parametric hadronic polarization function obtained from experimental cross sections…
Vacuum polarization is a part of the initial-state radiative correction for the cross-section of $e^+e^-$ annihilation processes. In the energy region in the vicinity of narrow resonances $J/\psi$ and $\psi(3686)$, the vacuum polarization…
The electric and magnetic fields are investigated on the basis of quantum vacuum. The analysis of the electromagnetic energy and force indicates that an electric field is a polarized distribution of the vacuum virtual dipoles, and that a…
We study vacuum polarization due to strong fields, in the presence of an electron-positron plasma. For this purpose, we expand quantum kinetic equations using weak fields and slow temporal scales as expansion parameters. It is demonstrated…
Complete vacuum polarization calculations incorporating finite nuclear size are presented for hydrogenic ions with principal quantum numbers n=1-5. Lithiumlike, sodiumlike, and copperlike ions are also treated starting with Kohn-Sham…