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In this paper, we study reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) under an episodic Markov decision process with a general trajectory-wise reward model. We developed a model-free RLHF best policy identification algorithm, called…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Qining Zhang , Honghao Wei , Lei Ying

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable reward (RLVR) on preference data has become the mainstream approach for training Generative Reward Models (GRMs). Typically in pairwise rewarding tasks, GRMs generate reasoning chains ending with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Zongqi Wang , Rui Wang , Yuchuan Wu , Yiyao Yu , Pinyi Zhang , Shaoning Sun , Yujiu Yang , Yongbin Li

Large language models (LLMs) deployed as agents solve user-specified tasks over multiple steps while keeping the required manual engagement to a minimum. Crucially, such LLMs need to ground their generations in any feedback obtained to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Jonas Gehring , Kunhao Zheng , Jade Copet , Vegard Mella , Quentin Carbonneaux , Taco Cohen , Gabriel Synnaeve

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) is the standard for aligning Large Language Models (LLMs), yet recent progress has moved beyond canonical text-based methods. This survey synthesizes the new frontier of alignment research…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Raghav Sharma , Manan Mehta , Sai Tiger Raina

We study Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) in settings where multiple labelers may strategically misreport feedback to steer the learned policy toward their own preferences. We show that existing RLHF algorithms, including…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Thomas Kleine Buening , Jiarui Gan , Debmalya Mandal , Marta Kwiatkowska

Large language models (LLMs) possess strong multilingual capabilities, and combining Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) with translation tasks has shown great potential. However, we observe that this paradigm performs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Tianjiao Li , Mengran Yu , Chenyu Shi , Yanjun Zhao , Xiaojing Liu , Qiang Zhang , Qi Zhang , Xuanjing Huang , Jiayin Wang

To use reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) in practical applications, it is crucial to learn reward models from diverse sources of human feedback and to consider human factors involved in providing feedback of different types.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-09 Yannick Metz , David Lindner , Raphaël Baur , Daniel Keim , Mennatallah El-Assady

Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) has become an essential step in fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) to align them with human preferences. However, human labelers are selfish and have diverse preferences. They may…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Shugang Hao , Lingjie Duan

Conventional reinforcement learning (RL) ap proaches often struggle to learn effective policies under sparse reward conditions, necessitating the manual design of complex, task-specific reward functions. To address this limitation, rein…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Suzie Kim , Hye-Bin Shin , Seong-Whan Lee

Developing generalist robots capable of mastering diverse skills remains a central challenge in embodied AI. While recent progress emphasizes scaling model parameters and offline datasets, such approaches are limited in robotics, where…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Shaohuai Liu , Weirui Ye , Yilun Du , Le Xie

Aligning the behavior of Large language models (LLMs) with human intentions and values remains a critical challenge. Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) aligns LLMs by training a reward model (RM) on human preferences and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Jiayi Zhou , Jiaming Ji , Juntao Dai , Dong Li , Yaodong Yang

Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) is widely used to align large language models (LLMs) with human preferences. However, RLHF-trained reward models often exhibit length bias -- a systematic tendency to favor longer responses…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Hyeonji Kim , Sujeong Oh , Sanghack Lee

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) has greatly improved the performance of modern Large Language Models (LLMs). The RLHF process is resource-intensive and technically challenging, generally requiring a large collection of…

Large Language Models (LLMs) aligned using Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) have shown remarkable generation abilities in numerous tasks. However, collecting high-quality human preferences creates costly bottlenecks in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Nirjhar Das , Souradip Chakraborty , Aldo Pacchiano , Sayak Ray Chowdhury

We argue for the epistemic and ethical advantages of pluralism in Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) in the context of Large Language Models (LLM). Drawing on social epistemology and pluralist philosophy of science, we…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Kristian González Barman , Simon Lohse , Henk de Regt

In modern ML Ops environments, model deployment is a critical process that traditionally relies on static heuristics such as validation error comparisons and A/B testing. However, these methods require human intervention to adapt to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-31 S. Aaron McClendon , Vishaal Venkatesh , Juan Morinelli

Reinforcement Learning with Human Feedback (RLHF) has received significant attention for performing tasks without the need for costly manual reward design by aligning human preferences. It is crucial to consider diverse human feedback types…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Yifu Yuan , Jianye Hao , Yi Ma , Zibin Dong , Hebin Liang , Jinyi Liu , Zhixin Feng , Kai Zhao , Yan Zheng

Reinforcement Learning with Human Feedback (RLHF) is a widely used fine-tuning approach that aligns machine learning model, particularly Language Model (LM) with human preferences. There are typically multiple objectives driving the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Nuoya Xiong , Aarti Singh

LLM-powered personalization agent systems employ Large Language Models (LLMs) to predict users' behavior from their past activities. However, their effectiveness often hinges on the ability to effectively leverage extensive, long user…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-20 Jiaxing Wu , Lin Ning , Luyang Liu , Harrison Lee , Neo Wu , Chao Wang , Sushant Prakash , Shawn O'Banion , Bradley Green , Jun Xie

Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) is a prevalent approach to align AI systems with human values by learning rewards from human preference data. Due to various reasons, however, such data typically takes the form of rankings…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Ilgee Hong , Zichong Li , Alexander Bukharin , Yixiao Li , Haoming Jiang , Tianbao Yang , Tuo Zhao