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Related papers: Trustworthy Actionable Perturbations

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Machine learning models that automate decision-making are increasingly used in consequential areas such as loan approvals, pretrial bail approval, and hiring. Unfortunately, most of these models are black boxes, i.e., they are unable to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Sopam Dasgupta , Joaquín Arias , Elmer Salazar , Gopal Gupta

Healthcare data often come from multiple sites in which the correlations between confounding variables can vary widely. If deep learning models exploit these unstable correlations, they might fail catastrophically in unseen sites. Although…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Minh Nguyen , Alan Q. Wang , Heejong Kim , Mert R. Sabuncu

Evaluating new techniques on realistic datasets plays a crucial role in the development of ML research and its broader adoption by practitioners. In recent years, there has been a significant increase of publicly available unstructured data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Sérgio Jesus , José Pombal , Duarte Alves , André Cruz , Pedro Saleiro , Rita P. Ribeiro , João Gama , Pedro Bizarro

Probabilistic logic programs are logic programs where some facts hold with a specified probability. Here, we investigate these programs with a causal framework that allows counterfactual queries. Learning the program structure from…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-08-31 Kilian Rückschloß , Felix Weitkämper

Counterfactual examples are minimal edits to an input that alter a model's prediction. They are widely employed in explainable AI to probe model behavior and in natural language processing (NLP) to augment training data. However, generating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Yilong Wang , Qianli Wang , Nils Feldhus

Counterfactual explanation generation is a powerful method for Explainable Artificial Intelligence. It can help users understand why machine learning models make specific decisions, and how to change those decisions. Evaluating the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Ao Xu , Tieru Wu

The inevitable appearance of spurious correlations in training datasets hurts the generalization of NLP models on unseen data. Previous work has found that datasets with paired inputs are prone to correlations between a specific part of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Yanai Elazar , Bhargavi Paranjape , Hao Peng , Sarah Wiegreffe , Khyathi Raghavi , Vivek Srikumar , Sameer Singh , Noah A. Smith

Algorithms are commonly used to predict outcomes under a particular decision or intervention, such as predicting whether an offender will succeed on parole if placed under minimal supervision. Generally, to learn such counterfactual…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-04-19 Amanda Coston , Edward H. Kennedy , Alexandra Chouldechova

Counterfactual reasoning -- the practice of asking ``what if'' by varying inputs and observing changes in model behavior -- has become central to interpretable and fair AI. This thesis develops frameworks that use counterfactuals to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Pushkar Shukla

Counterfactual Explanations are becoming a de-facto standard in post-hoc interpretable machine learning. For a given classifier and an instance classified in an undesired class, its counterfactual explanation corresponds to small…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Veronica Piccialli , Dolores Romero Morales , Cecilia Salvatore

There has been considerable recent interest in explainability in AI, especially with black-box machine learning models. As correctly observed by the planning community, when the application at hand is not a single-shot decision or…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Vaishak Belle

Counterfactual decision-making in the face of uncertainty involves selecting the optimal action from several alternatives using causal reasoning. Decision-makers often rank expected potential outcomes (or their corresponding utility and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Yuta Kawakami , Jin Tian

While the task of assessing the plausibility of events such as ''news is relevant'' has been addressed by a growing body of work, less attention has been paid to capturing changes in plausibility as triggered by event modification.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Anna Golub , Beate Zywietz , Annerose Eichel

A probability forecast or probabilistic classifier is reliable or calibrated if the predicted probabilities are matched by ex post observed frequencies, as examined visually in reliability diagrams. The classical binning and counting…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-08-26 Timo Dimitriadis , Tilmann Gneiting , Alexander I. Jordan

We develop a novel method for counterfactual analysis based on observational data using prediction intervals for units under different exposures. Unlike methods that target heterogeneous or conditional average treatment effects of an…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2018-07-18 Dave Zachariah , Petre Stoica

A single universal adversarial perturbation (UAP) can be added to all natural images to change most of their predicted class labels. It is of high practical relevance for an attacker to have flexible control over the targeted classes to be…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-09 Chaoning Zhang , Philipp Benz , Tooba Imtiaz , In So Kweon

Both uncertainty estimation and interpretability are important factors for trustworthy machine learning systems. However, there is little work at the intersection of these two areas. We address this gap by proposing a novel method for…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-03-19 Javier Antorán , Umang Bhatt , Tameem Adel , Adrian Weller , José Miguel Hernández-Lobato

In reinforcement learning, we typically refer to unsupervised pre-training when we aim to pre-train a policy without a priori access to the task specification, i.e. rewards, to be later employed for efficient learning of downstream tasks.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Riccardo Zamboni , Mirco Mutti , Marcello Restelli

We address the challenge of explaining counterfactual outcomes in multi-agent Markov decision processes. In particular, we aim to explain the total counterfactual effect of an agent's action on the outcome of a realized scenario through its…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Stelios Triantafyllou , Aleksa Sukovic , Yasaman Zolfimoselo , Goran Radanovic

This research addresses the challenge of conducting interpretable causal inference between a binary treatment and its resulting outcome when not all confounders are known. Confounders are factors that have an influence on both the treatment…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Sohaib Kiani , Jared Barton , Jon Sushinsky , Lynda Heimbach , Bo Luo