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In recent years, interest in quantum computing has increased due to technological advances in quantum hardware and algorithms. Despite the promises of quantum advantage, the applicability of quantum devices has been limited to few qubits on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-24 Grier M. Jones , Hans-Arno Jacobsen

As quantum hardware advances toward fault-tolerant operation, an intermediate stage known as early fault-tolerant quantum computing (EFTQC) is emerging, where partial error correction enables meaningful computation. In this regime, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-14 Yanbing Zhou , Athena Caesura , Corneliu Buda , Xavier Jackson , Clena M. Abuan , Shangjie Guo

Dissipative processes have long been proposed as a means of performing computational tasks on quantum computers that may be intrinsically more robust to noise. In this work, we prove two main results concerning the error-resilience…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-06 James Purcell , Abhishek Rajput , Toby Cubitt

Distributed quantum computing (DQC) enables scalable quantum computations by distributing large quantum circuits on multiple quantum processing units (QPUs) in the quantum cloud. In DQC, after partitioning quantum circuits, they must be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-09 Nour Dehaini , Christia Chahoud , Mahdi Chehimi

Noise in existing quantum processors only enables an approximation to ideal quantum computation. However, these approximations can be vastly improved by error mitigation, for the computation of expectation values, as shown by small-scale…

Digital-Analog Quantum Computation (DAQC) has recently been proposed as an alternative to the standard paradigm of digital quantum computation. DAQC creates entanglement through a continuous or analog evolution of the whole device, rather…

Distributed quantum computing (DQC) combines the computing power of multiple networked quantum processing modules, enabling the execution of large quantum circuits without compromising on performance and connectivity. Photonic networks are…

An average gate fidelity is a standard performance metric to quantify deviation between an ideal unitary gate transformation and its realistic experimental implementation. The average is taken with respect to states uniformly distributed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-13 Filip Wudarski , Jeffrey Marshall , Andre Petukhov , Eleanor Rieffel

A key requirement for scalable quantum computing is that elementary quantum gates can be implemented with sufficiently low error. One method for determining the error behavior of a gate implementation is to perform process tomography.…

Quantum bits have technological imperfections. Additionally, the capacity of a component that can be implemented feasibly is limited. Therefore, distributed quantum computation is required to scale up quantum computers. This dissertation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-04-11 Shota Nagayama

We propose a distributed quantum computing (DQC) architecture in which individual small-sized quantum computers are connected to a shared quantum gate processing unit (S-QGPU). The S-QGPU comprises a collection of hybrid two-qubit gate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-24 Shengwang Du , Yufei Ding , Chunming Qiao

Advancing quantum technologies necessitates an in-depth exploration of how operations generate quantum resources and respond to noise. Crucial are gates generating quantum coherence and the challenge of mitigating gate dephasing noise.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-29 Roberto Salazar , Fereshte Shahbeigi

In the current era of Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) technology, the practical use of quantum computers remains inhibited by our inability to aptly decouple qubits from their environment to mitigate computational errors. In this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-09 Thomas J. Maldonado , Johannes Flick , Stefan Krastanov , Alexey Galda

The deterministic quantum computation with one qubit (DQC1) model is a restricted model of quantum computing able to calculate efficiently the normalized trace of a unitary matrix. In this work we analyse the quantum correlations named…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-28 Elisa I. Goettems , Thiago O. Maciel , Diogo O. Soares-Pinto , E. I. Duzzioni

In this paper, we analyze the performance of randomized benchmarking protocols on gate sets under a variety of realistic error models that include systematic rotations, amplitude damping, leakage to higher levels, and 1/f noise. We find…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-07-08 Jeffrey M. Epstein , Andrew W. Cross , Easwar Magesan , Jay M. Gambetta

With improved gate calibrations reducing unitary errors, we achieve a benchmarked single-qubit gate fidelity of 99.95% with superconducting qubits in a circuit quantum electrodynamics system. We present a method for distinguishing between…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-01-13 Sarah Sheldon , Lev S. Bishop , Easwar Magesan , Stefan Filipp , Jerry M. Chow , Jay M. Gambetta

We study how dynamical decoupling (DD) pulse sequences can improve the reliability of quantum computers. We prove upper bounds on the accuracy of DD-protected quantum gates and derive sufficient conditions for DD-protected gates to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-07-19 Hui Khoon Ng , Daniel A. Lidar , John Preskill

Distributed quantum computation is often proposed to increase the scalability of quantum hardware, as it reduces cooperative noise and requisite connectivity by sharing quantum information between distant quantum devices. However, such…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-13 Abigail McClain Gomez , Taylor L. Patti , Anima Anandkumar , Susanne F. Yelin

A significant problem for current quantum computers is noise. While there are many distinct noise channels, the depolarizing noise model often appropriately describes average noise for large circuits involving many qubits and gates. We…

Measurement-Based Quantum Computing (MBQC) is inherently well-suited for Distributed Quantum Computing (DQC): once a resource state is prepared and distributed across a network of quantum nodes, computation proceeds through local…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-13 Kjell Fredrik Pettersen , Matthias Heller , Giorgio Sartor , Raoul Heese