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In this paper we use finite vector spaces (finite dimension, over finite fields) as a non-standard computational model of linear logic. We first define a simple, finite PCF-like lambda-calculus with booleans, and then we discuss two finite…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-09-29 Benoît Valiron , Steve Zdancewic

In this paper, we demonstrate a direct correspondence between phase-free ZX diagrams, a graphical notation for representing and manipulating a certain class of linear maps on qubits, and Calderbank-Shor-Steane (CSS) codes, a large family of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-02 Aleks Kissinger

The ZX calculus is a mathematical tool to represent and analyse quantum operations by manipulating diagrams which in effect represent tensor networks. Two families of nodes of these networks are ones which commute with either Z rotations or…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-07 Niel de Beaudrap

We introduce the fermionic ZW calculus, a string-diagrammatic language for fermionic quantum computing (FQC). After defining a fermionic circuit model, we present the basic components of the calculus, together with their interpretation, and…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Giovanni de Felice , Amar Hadzihasanovic , Kang Feng Ng

This note describes how the the scalable ZXH calculus can be used to represent in a compact way the quantum gates that are diagonal in the computational basis. This includes controlled and multi-controlled Z gates, their generalizations,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-12-18 Titouan Carette

We introduce Graphical Algebraic Geometry (GAG), a family of diagrammatic languages extending the Graphical Linear Algebra programme. We construct several languages within this family and prove that they are universal and complete for the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-15 Dichuan Gao , Razin A. Shaikh , Aleks Kissinger

Classical program analysis techniques, such as abstract interpretation and symbolic execution, are essential for ensuring software correctness, optimizing performance, and enabling compiler optimizations. However, these techniques face…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-14 Yicheng Guang , Pietro Zanotta , Kai Zhou , Yueqi Chen , Ramin Ayanzadeh

We study a model of quantum computation based on the continuously-parameterized yet finite-dimensional Hilbert space of a spin system. We explore the computational powers of this model by analyzing a pilot problem we refer to as the close…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-12-30 Mark Adcock , Peter Hoyer , Barry C. Sanders

Observables in a quantum system, represented by a Hilbert space, are given by the orthogonal bases of the aforementioned Hilbert space. Categorical Quantum Mechanics provides further abstraction of such observables, allowing for a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-19 Aqilah Rasat

We prove that the 2D Ising model is complete in the sense that the partition function of any classical q-state spin model (on an arbitrary graph) can be expressed as a special instance of the partition function of a 2D Ising model with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-03-18 M. Van den Nest , W. Dür , H. J. Briegel

In this paper, we give a modified version of the qutrit ZX-calculus, by which we represent qutrit graph states as diagrams and prove that the qutrit version of local complementation property is true if and only if the qutrit Hadamard gate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-04-21 Xiaoyan Gong , Quanlong Wang

The primary resource for quantum computation is Hilbert-space dimension. Whereas Hilbert space itself is an abstract construction, the number of dimensions available to a system is a physical quantity that requires physical resources.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Robin Blume-Kohout , Carlton M. Caves , Ivan H. Deutsch

We re-visit the pentagon holographic quantum error correcting code from a ZX-calculus perspective. By expressing the underlying tensors as ZX-diagrams, we study the stabiliser structure of the code via Pauli webs. In addition, we obtain a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-21 Kwok Ho Wan , H. C. W. Price , Qing Yao

We present the quantum programming language cQPL which is an extended version of QPL [P. Selinger, Math. Struct. in Comp. Sci. 14(4):527-586, 2004]. It is capable of quantum communication and it can be used to formulate all possible quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Wolfgang Mauerer

String diagrams turn algebraic equations into topological moves that have recurring shapes, involving the sliding of one diagram past another. We individuate, at the root of this fact, the dual nature of polygraphs as presentations of…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2017-09-28 Amar Hadzihasanovic

This paper develops a geometric model for coupled two-state quantum systems (qubits), which is formulated using geometric (aka Clifford) algebra. It begins by showing how Euclidean spinors can be interpreted as entities in the geometric…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Timothy F. Havel , Chris J. L. Doran

We introduce the language QML, a functional language for quantum computations on finite types. Its design is guided by its categorical semantics: QML programs are interpreted by morphisms in the category FQC of finite quantum computations,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-05-06 Thorsten Altenkirch , Jonathan Grattage

Measurement-based quantum computing is one of the most promising quantum computing models. Although various universal resource states have been proposed so far, it was open whether only two Pauli bases are enough for both of universal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-09-24 Yuki Takeuchi , Tomoyuki Morimae , Masahito Hayashi

We introduce group surface codes, which are a natural generalization of the $\mathbb{Z}_2$ surface code, and equivalent to quantum double models of finite groups with specific boundary conditions. We show that group surface codes can be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-06 Naren Manjunath , Vieri Mattei , Apoorv Tiwari , Tyler D. Ellison

We present a computational framework based on geometric structures. No quantum mechanics is involved, and yet the algorithms perform tasks analogous to quantum computation. Tensor products and entangled states are not needed -- they are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Diederik Aerts , Marek Czachor