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Large language models (LLMs) provide excellent text-generation capabilities, but standard prompting and generation methods generally do not lead to intentional or goal-directed agents and might necessitate considerable prompt tuning. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-01 Marwa Abdulhai , Isadora White , Charlie Snell , Charles Sun , Joey Hong , Yuexiang Zhai , Kelvin Xu , Sergey Levine

Large language models (LLMs) effectively generate fluent text when the target output follows natural language patterns. However, structured prediction tasks confine the output format to a limited ontology, causing even very large models to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Derek Chen , Celine Lee , Yunan Lu , Domenic Rosati , Zhou Yu

Large Language Models (LLMs) and Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have made significant advancements in reasoning capabilities. However, they still face challenges such as high computational demands and privacy concerns. This paper…

Large language models (LLMs) have attracted great attention given their strong performance on a wide range of NLP tasks. In practice, users often expect generated texts to fall within a specific length range, making length controlled…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Renlong Jie , Xiaojun Meng , Lifeng Shang , Xin Jiang , Qun Liu

Wav2Prompt is proposed which allows straightforward integration between spoken input and a text-based large language model (LLM). Wav2Prompt uses a simple training process with only the same data used to train an automatic speech…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-05 Keqi Deng , Guangzhi Sun , Philip C. Woodland

Speech Large Language Models (LLMs) that understand and follow instructions in many languages are useful for real-world interaction, but are difficult to train with supervised fine-tuning, requiring large, task-specific speech corpora.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Shreyas Gopal , Donghang Wu , Ashutosh Anshul , Yeo Yue Heng , Yizhou Peng , Haoyang Li , Hexin Liu , Eng Siong Chng

Multi-modal large language models have garnered significant interest recently. Though, most of the works focus on vision-language multi-modal models providing strong capabilities in following vision-and-language instructions. However, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-19 Yu Shu , Siwei Dong , Guangyao Chen , Wenhao Huang , Ruihua Zhang , Daochen Shi , Qiqi Xiang , Yemin Shi

Large language models (LLMs) trained purely on text ostensibly lack any direct perceptual experience, yet their internal representations are implicitly shaped by multimodal regularities encoded in language. We test the hypothesis that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Sophie L. Wang , Phillip Isola , Brian Cheung

The recent surge in large language models has automated translations of spoken and written languages. However, these advances remain largely inaccessible to American Sign Language (ASL) users, whose language relies on complex visual cues.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Daniel Perkins , Davis Hunter , Dhrumil Patel , Galen Flanagan

Large Language Models (LLMs) become the start-of-the-art solutions for a variety of natural language tasks and are integrated into real-world applications. However, LLMs can be potentially harmful in manifesting undesirable safety issues…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Zhuoer Xu , Jianping Zhang , Shiwen Cui , Changhua Meng , Weiqiang Wang

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant advancements in error handling. Current error-handling works are performed in a passive manner, with explicit error-handling instructions. However, in real-world scenarios, explicit…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Jiayi Zeng , Yizhe Feng , Mengliang He , Wenhui Lei , Wei Zhang , Zeming Liu , Xiaoming Shi , Aimin Zhou

Large Language Models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, exhibit advanced capabilities in generating text, images, and videos. However, their effective use remains constrained by challenges in prompt formulation, personalization, and opaque…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Si Thu , A. Baki Kocaballi

Large language models (LLMs) open up new horizons for sequential recommendations, owing to their remarkable language comprehension and generation capabilities. However, there are still numerous challenges that should be addressed to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Yuling Wang , Changxin Tian , Binbin Hu , Yanhua Yu , Ziqi Liu , Zhiqiang Zhang , Jun Zhou , Liang Pang , Xiao Wang

Symbols (or more broadly, non-natural language textual representations) such as numerical sequences, molecular formulas, and table delimiters widely exist, playing important roles in various tasks such as abstract reasoning, chemical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-13 Yile Wang , Sijie Cheng , Zixin Sun , Peng Li , Yang Liu

Sign language serves as the primary meaning of communication for the deaf-mute community. Different from spoken language, it commonly conveys information by the collaboration of manual features, i.e., hand gestures and body movements, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-19 Wengang Zhou , Weichao Zhao , Hezhen Hu , Zecheng Li , Houqiang Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across various natural language tasks, marking significant strides towards general artificial intelligence. While general artificial intelligence is leveraged by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Yizhe Yang , Huashan Sun , Jiawei Li , Runheng Liu , Yinghao Li , Yuhang Liu , Heyan Huang , Yang Gao

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in Natural Language Processing (NLP), especially in domains where labeled data is scarce or expensive, such as clinical domain. However, to unlock the clinical knowledge hidden…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-18 Sonish Sivarajkumar , Mark Kelley , Alyssa Samolyk-Mazzanti , Shyam Visweswaran , Yanshan Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown prominent performance in various downstream tasks and prompt engineering plays a pivotal role in optimizing LLMs' performance. This paper, not only as an overview of current prompt engineering…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Haochen Li , Jonathan Leung , Zhiqi Shen

We use insights from research on American Sign Language (ASL) phonology to train models for isolated sign language recognition (ISLR), a step towards automatic sign language understanding. Our key insight is to explicitly recognize the role…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Lee Kezar , Jesse Thomason , Zed Sevcikova Sehyr

Large language models (LLMs) have taken the world by storm by making many previously difficult uses of AI feasible. LLMs are controlled via highly expressive textual prompts and return textual answers. Unfortunately, this unstructured text…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Mandana Vaziri , Louis Mandel , Claudio Spiess , Martin Hirzel
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