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Using gravitational waves to probe the geometry of the ringing remnant black hole formed in a binary black hole coalescence is a well-established way to test Einstein's theory of general relativity. However, doing so requires knowledge of…

We analyze gravitational-wave data from the first LIGO detection of a binary black-hole merger (GW150914) in search of the ringdown of the remnant black hole. Using observations beginning at the peak of the signal, we find evidence of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-09-18 Maximiliano Isi , Matthew Giesler , Will M. Farr , Mark A. Scheel , Saul A. Teukolsky

Black hole (BH) oscillations known as quasi-normal modes (QNMs) are one of the most important gravitational wave (GW) sources. We propose that higher perturbative order of QNMs, generated by nonlinear gravitational interaction near the BHs,…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-12-18 Kunihito Ioka , Hiroyuki Nakano

Understanding gravity is at the heart of some of the biggest questions in modern physics. While General Relativity (GR) is a theoretically unique and experimentally well-tested framework, it remains important to question whether it…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-10-21 Sergi Sirera

In the aftermath of a binary black hole merger event, the gravitational wave signal emitted by the remnant black hole is modeled as a superposition of damped sinusoids known as quasinormal modes. While the dominant quasinormal modes…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-06-18 Sophia Yi , Adrien Kuntz , Enrico Barausse , Emanuele Berti , Mark Ho-Yeuk Cheung , Konstantinos Kritos , Andrea Maselli

We propose two frequency-domain filters to analyze ringdown signals of binary black hole mergers. The first rational filter is constructed based on a set of (arbitrary) quasi-normal modes (QNMs) of the remnant black holes, whereas the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-12-13 Sizheng Ma , Keefe Mitman , Ling Sun , Nils Deppe , François Hébert , Lawrence E. Kidder , Jordan Moxon , William Throwe , Nils L. Vu , Yanbei Chen

Gravitational waves emitted in the aftermath of a black hole binary coalescence have characteristic complex frequencies called quasinormal modes (QNMs). These can be used to test the nature of the merger remnant, e.g. a test of the black…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-08-09 Arnab Dhani , B. S. Sathyaprakash

Quasinormal modes (QNMs) are usually characterized by their time dependence; oscillations at specific frequencies predicted by black hole (BH) perturbation theory. QNMs are routinely identified in the ringdown of numerical relativity…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-01-20 Richard Dyer , Christopher J. Moore

Tests of the no-hair theorem using astrophysical black holes involve the detection of at least two quasi-normal modes (QNMs) in the gravitational wave emitted by a perturbed black hole. A detection of two modes -- the dominant, $(\ell, m,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-10-10 Alex Correia , Yi-Fan Wang , Julian Westerweck , Collin D. Capano

For a distorted black hole (BH), its ringdown waveform is a superposition of quasi-normal modes (QNMs). In general relativity (GR), the lower order QNM frequencies and damping rates can be well approximated by a polynomial of BH's…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-02-23 Ke Wang

The direct discovery of gravitational waves from compact binary systems leads for the first time to explore the possibility of black hole spectroscopy. Newly formed black holes produced by coalescing events are copious emitters of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-05-24 Andrea Maselli , Kostas Kokkotas , Pablo Laguna

The ringdown (RD) phase of gravitational waves is of prime interest for testing general relativity (GR). The modelling of the linear quasi-normal modes (QNMs) within the Kerr spectrum -- or with agnostic parameterized deviations to that GR…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-09-08 Yi Qiu , Xisco Jiménez Forteza , Pierre Mourier

Measuring the quasi-normal mode~(QNM) spectrum emitted by a perturbed black-hole~(BH) --~also known as BH spectroscopy~-- provides an excellent opportunity to test the predictions of general relativity in the strong-gravity regime. We…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-11-09 Swetha Bhagwat , Costantino Pacilio , Enrico Barausse , Paolo Pani

The detection of gravitational waves from the inspiral of a neutron star or stellar-mass black hole into an intermediate-mass black hole (IMBH) promises an entirely new look at strong-field gravitational physics. Gravitational waves from…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2012-05-29 Carl L. Rodriguez , Ilya Mandel , Jonathan R. Gair

The recent first detection of gravitational waves (GWs) from binary black hole mergers has spurred a renewed interest in possible deviations from General Relativity (GR), since they could be detected in the GWs emitted by such systems. Of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-11-03 Hugo Roussille

Observation of gravitational waves (GWs) in two different frequency bands is referred to as multiband GW astronomy. With the planned Laser Interferometric Space Antenna (LISA) operating in the $10^{-4}-0.1$ Hz range, and third generation…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-03-17 Sayantani Datta , Anuradha Gupta , Shilpa Kastha , K. G. Arun , B. S. Sathyaprakash

The future detection of quasi-normal modes (QNMs) from black hole ringdown will allow for consistency and independent tests of general relativity (GR) in the strong-field regime. In this paper, we perform a ringdown Fisher forecast when…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-12-19 Macarena Lagos , Tomás Andrade , Jordi Rafecas-Ventosa , Lam Hui

Black-hole spectroscopy aims to infer properties of the remnant spacetime from the quasinormal-mode (QNM) spectrum of the gravitational-wave ringdown signal. In most implementations, however, this inference is performed with waveform models…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-05-26 Shitong Guo , Yan-Gang Miao

The major source of ground-based gravitational wave detectors, the inspiral and merger of comparable mass binary black holes (BBH), consists of a slow quasicircular inspiral, a merger to form a single remnant hole, and the quasinormal…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-12-27 Richard H. Price , Ritesh Bachhar , Gaurav Khanna

We present a novel machine learning framework tailored to detect massive black hole binaries observed by spaceborne gravitational wave detectors like the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) and predict their future merger times. The…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-05-21 Niklas Houba , Stefan H. Strub , Luigi Ferraioli , Domenico Giardini