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To advance Chinese financial natural language processing (NLP), we introduce BBT-FinT5, a new Chinese financial pre-training language model based on the T5 model. To support this effort, we have built BBT-FinCorpus, a large-scale financial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-28 Dakuan Lu , Hengkui Wu , Jiaqing Liang , Yipei Xu , Qianyu He , Yipeng Geng , Mengkun Han , Yingsi Xin , Yanghua Xiao

Chinese Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently demonstrated impressive capabilities across various NLP benchmarks and real-world applications. However, the existing benchmarks for comprehensively evaluating these LLMs are still…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-20 Chuang Liu , Renren Jin , Yuqi Ren , Deyi Xiong

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have led to substantial progress in domain-specific applications, particularly within the legal domain. However, general-purpose models such as GPT-4 often struggle with specialized subdomains…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Zixun Lan , Maochun Xu , Yifan Ren , Rui Wu , Jianghui Zhou , Xueyang Cheng , Jianan Ding Ding , Xinheng Wang , Mingmin Chi , Fei Ma

Biomedical language understanding benchmarks are the driving forces for artificial intelligence applications with large language model (LLM) back-ends. However, most current benchmarks: (a) are limited to English which makes it challenging…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Wei Zhu , Xiaoling Wang , Huanran Zheng , Mosha Chen , Buzhou Tang

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly applied in computer science education for tasks such as tutoring, content generation, and code assessment. However, systematic evaluations aligned with formal curricula and certification…

Purpose: The rapid emergence of large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT has significantly impacted foreign language education, yet their pedagogical grammar competence remains under-assessed. This paper introduces CPG-EVAL, the first…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Dong Wang

Classical Chinese is a gateway to the rich heritage and wisdom of ancient China, yet its complexities pose formidable comprehension barriers for most modern people without specialized knowledge. While Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Jiahuan Cao , Dezhi Peng , Peirong Zhang , Yongxin Shi , Yang Liu , Kai Ding , Lianwen Jin

This paper introduces the UCFE: User-Centric Financial Expertise benchmark, an innovative framework designed to evaluate the ability of large language models (LLMs) to handle complex real-world financial tasks. UCFE benchmark adopts a…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2025-02-10 Yuzhe Yang , Yifei Zhang , Yan Hu , Yilin Guo , Ruoli Gan , Yueru He , Mingcong Lei , Xiao Zhang , Haining Wang , Qianqian Xie , Jimin Huang , Honghai Yu , Benyou Wang

We introduce SuperCLUE-Math6(SC-Math6), a new benchmark dataset to evaluate the mathematical reasoning abilities of Chinese language models. SC-Math6 is designed as an upgraded Chinese version of the GSM8K dataset with enhanced difficulty,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-05 Liang Xu , Hang Xue , Lei Zhu , Kangkang Zhao

Multilingual understanding is crucial for the cross-cultural applicability of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, evaluation benchmarks designed for Hong Kong's unique linguistic landscape, which combines Traditional Chinese script with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Chuxue Cao , Zhenghao Zhu , Junqi Zhu , Guoying Lu , Siyu Peng , Juntao Dai , Weijie Shi , Sirui Han , Yike Guo

While the progression of Large Language Models (LLMs) has notably propelled financial analysis, their application has largely been confined to singular language realms, leaving untapped the potential of bilingual Chinese-English capacity.…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2024-08-19 Gang Hu , Ke Qin , Chenhan Yuan , Min Peng , Alejandro Lopez-Lira , Benyou Wang , Sophia Ananiadou , Jimin Huang , Qianqian Xie

Recently, many works have proposed various financial large language models (FinLLMs) by pre-training from scratch or fine-tuning open-sourced LLMs on financial corpora. However, existing FinLLMs exhibit unsatisfactory performance in…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2024-05-02 Huan-Yi Su , Ke Wu , Yu-Hao Huang , Wu-Jun Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly tasked with analyzing legal texts and citing relevant statutes, yet their reliability is often compromised by general pre-training that ingests legal texts without specialized focus, obscuring…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Xinzhe Xu , Liang Zhao , Hongshen Xu , Chen Chen

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly applied to various NLP tasks, their inherent biases are gradually disclosed. Therefore, measuring biases in LLMs is crucial to mitigate its ethical risks. However, most existing bias…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Tian Lan , Xiangdong Su , Xu Liu , Ruirui Wang , Ke Chang , Jiang Li , Guanglai Gao

Multiple-choice question (MCQ) datasets like Massive Multitask Language Understanding (MMLU) are widely used to evaluate the commonsense, understanding, and problem-solving abilities of large language models (LLMs). However, the open-source…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Qihao Zhao , Yangyu Huang , Tengchao Lv , Lei Cui , Qinzheng Sun , Shaoguang Mao , Xin Zhang , Ying Xin , Qiufeng Yin , Scarlett Li , Furu Wei

The critical field of psychology necessitates a comprehensive benchmark to enhance the evaluation and development of domain-specific Large Language Models (LLMs). Existing MMLU-type benchmarks, such as C-EVAL and CMMLU, include…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Junlei Zhang , Hongliang He , Nirui Song , Zhanchao Zhou , Shuyuan He , Shuai Zhang , Huachuan Qiu , Anqi Li , Yong Dai , Lizhi Ma , Zhenzhong Lan

Ancient Chinese text processing presents unique challenges for large language models (LLMs) due to its distinct linguistic features, complex structural constraints, and rich cultural context. While existing benchmarks have primarily focused…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Shangqing Zhao , Yuhao Zhou , Yupei Ren , Zhe Chen , Chenghao Jia , Fang Zhe , Zhaogaung Long , Shu Liu , Man Lan

Artificial Intelligence (AI), along with the recent progress in biomedical language understanding, is gradually changing medical practice. With the development of biomedical language understanding benchmarks, AI applications are widely used…

Chinese idioms (Chengyu) are concise four-character expressions steeped in history and culture, whose literal translations often fail to capture their full meaning. This complexity makes them challenging for language models to interpret and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Yicheng Fu , Zhemin Huang , Liuxin Yang , Yumeng Lu , Zhongdongming Dai

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success across a wide range of natural language processing tasks. However, Chinese LLMs face unique challenges, primarily due to the dominance of unstructured free text and the lack of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Chengwei Wu , Jiapu Wang , Mingyang Gao , Xingrui Zhuo , Jipeng Guo , Runlin Lei , Haoran Luo , Tianyu Chen , Haoyi Zhou , Shirui Pan , Zechao Li