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Autonomous vehicles (AV) look set to become common on our roads within the next few years. However, to achieve the final breakthrough, not only functional progress is required, but also satisfactory safety assurance must be provided. Among…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Peter Popov , Lorenzo Strigini , Cornelius Buerkle , Fabian Oboril , Michael Paulitsch

Automated Driving Systems (ADSs) have the potential to make mobility services available and safe for all. A multi-pillar Safety Assessment Framework (SAF) has been proposed for the type-approval process of ADSs. The SAF requires that the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Erwin de Gelder , Maren Buermann , Olaf Op den Camp

A major challenge in the safety assessment of automated vehicles is to ensure that risk for all traffic participants is as low as possible. A concept that is becoming increasingly popular for testing in automated driving is scenario-based…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-11-28 Maximilian Zipfl , Barbara Schütt , J. Marius Zöllner , Eric Sax

The automation technology is emerging, but the adoption rate of autonomous vehicles (AV) will largely depend upon how policymakers and the government address various challenges such as public acceptance and infrastructure development. This…

General Economics · Economics 2019-12-30 Alok Raj , J Ajith Kumar , Prateek Bansal

Drivers are becoming increasingly reliant on advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) as autonomous driving technology becomes more popular and developed with advanced safety features to enhance road safety. However, the increasing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Cheng Chen , Grant Xiao , Daehyun Lee , Lishan Yang , Evgenia Smirni , Homa Alemzadeh , Xugui Zhou

Establishing trustworthy safety assurance for autonomous driving systems (ADSs) requires evidence that failures arise from avoidable system deficiencies rather than unavoidable traffic conflicts. Current adversarial simulation methods can…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Yizhuo Xiao , Haotian Yan , Ying Wang , Zhongpan Zhu , Yuxin Zhang , Xintao Yan , Mustafa Suphi Erden , Cheng Wang

We examine the problem of adversarial reinforcement learning for multi-agent domains including a rule-based agent. Rule-based algorithms are required in safety-critical applications for them to work properly in a wide range of situations.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-28 Akifumi Wachi

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) rely on complex perception and communication systems, making them vulnerable to adversarial attacks that can compromise safety. While simulation offers a scalable and safe environment for robustness testing,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Christos Anagnostopoulos , Ioulia Kapsali , Alexandros Gkillas , Nikos Piperigkos , Aris S. Lalos

The safety and reliability of Automated Driving Systems (ADS) are paramount, necessitating rigorous testing methodologies to uncover potential failures before deployment. Traditional testing approaches often prioritize either natural…

In most modern cities, traffic congestion is one of the most salient societal challenges. Past research has shown that inserting a limited number of autonomous vehicles (AVs) within the traffic flow, with driving policies learned…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-01-26 Yulin Zhang , William Macke , Jiaxun Cui , Daniel Urieli , Peter Stone

The widescale deployment of Autonomous Vehicles (AV) appears to be imminent despite many safety challenges that are yet to be resolved. It is well-known that there are no universally agreed Verification and Validation (VV) methodologies…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-11-17 Dhanoop Karunakaran , Stewart Worrall , Eduardo Nebot

Ensuring the safety of autonomous vehicles (AVs) is paramount in their development and deployment. Safety-critical scenarios pose more severe challenges, necessitating efficient testing methods to validate AVs safety. This study focuses on…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Rui Zhou

We present a new approach to automated scenario-based testing of the safety of autonomous vehicles, especially those using advanced artificial intelligence-based components, spanning both simulation-based evaluation as well as testing in…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-07-14 Daniel J. Fremont , Edward Kim , Yash Vardhan Pant , Sanjit A. Seshia , Atul Acharya , Xantha Bruso , Paul Wells , Steve Lemke , Qiang Lu , Shalin Mehta

The automotive domain is shifting to software-centric development to meet regulation, market pressure, and feature velocity. This shift increases embedded systems' complexity and strains testing capacity. Despite relevant standards, a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Denesa Zyberaj , Pascal Hirmer , Marco Aiello , Stefan Wagner

There is tremendous global enthusiasm for research, development, and deployment of autonomous vehicles (AVs), e.g., self-driving taxis and trucks from Waymo and Baidu. The current practice for testing AVs uses virtual tests-where AVs are…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-12-21 Sumaya Almanee , Xiafa Wu , Yuqi Huai , Qi Alfred Chen , Joshua Garcia

We present CEMA: Causal Explanations in Multi-Agent systems; a framework for creating causal natural language explanations of an agent's decisions in dynamic sequential multi-agent systems to build more trustworthy autonomous agents. Unlike…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-15 Balint Gyevnar , Cheng Wang , Christopher G. Lucas , Shay B. Cohen , Stefano V. Albrecht

The automotive industry is experiencing a transition from assisted to highly automated driving. New concepts for validation of Automated Driving System (ADS) include amongst other a shift from a "technology based" approach to a "scenario…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-02-02 Ilona Cieslik , Víctor J. Expósito Jiménez , Helmut Martin , Heiko Scharke , Hannes Schneider

Autonomous Systems (AS) are increasingly proposed, or used, in Safety Critical (SC) applications. Many such systems make use of sophisticated sensor suites and processing to provide scene understanding which informs the AS' decision-making.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-08-19 John Molloy , John McDermid

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) are now operating on public roads, which makes their testing and validation more critical than ever. Simulation offers a safe and controlled environment for evaluating AV performance in varied conditions. However,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Saeed Rahmani , Shiva Rasouli , Daphne Cornelisse , Eugene Vinitsky , Bart van Arem , Simeon C. Calvert

Current research on decision-making in safety-critical scenarios often relies on inefficient data-driven scenario generation or specific modeling approaches, which fail to capture corner cases in real-world contexts. To address this issue,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Yinsong Chen , Kaifeng Wang , Xiaoqiang Meng , Xueyuan Li , Zirui Li , Xin Gao