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Question answering (QA) is a high-level ability of natural language processing. Most extractive ma-chine reading comprehension models focus on factoid questions (e.g., who, when, where) and restrict the output answer as a short and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-25 Peng Cui , Dongyao Hu , Le Hu

Reading comprehension is a crucial skill in many aspects of education, including language learning, cognitive development, and fostering early literacy skills in children. Automated answer-aware reading comprehension question generation has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Nischal Ashok Kumar , Nigel Fernandez , Zichao Wang , Andrew Lan

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) based on large language models often falters on narrative documents with inherent temporal structures. Standard unstructured RAG methods rely solely on embedding-similarity matching and lack any general…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Ze Yu Zhang , Zitao Li , Yaliang Li , Bolin Ding , Bryan Kian Hsiang Low

We study continually improving an extractive question answering (QA) system via human user feedback. We design and deploy an iterative approach, where information-seeking users ask questions, receive model-predicted answers, and provide…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Ge Gao , Hung-Ting Chen , Yoav Artzi , Eunsol Choi

While both extractive and generative readers have been successfully applied to the Question Answering (QA) task, little attention has been paid toward the systematic comparison of them. Characterizing the strengths and weaknesses of the two…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-16 Man Luo , Kazuma Hashimoto , Semih Yavuz , Zhiwei Liu , Chitta Baral , Yingbo Zhou

Human reading comprehension often requires reasoning of event semantic relations in narratives, represented by Event-centric Question-Answering (QA). To address event-centric QA, we propose a novel QA model with contrastive learning and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-15 Junru Lu , Xingwei Tan , Gabriele Pergola , Lin Gui , Yulan He

Large language models (LLMs) have shown promise in medical question answering, yet they often overlook the domain-specific expertise that professionals depend on, such as the clinical subject areas (e.g., trauma, airway) and the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Xueren Ge , Sahil Murtaza , Anthony Cortez , Homa Alemzadeh

Generalization to out of distribution tasks in reinforcement learning is a challenging problem. One successful approach improves generalization by conditioning policies on task or environment descriptions that provide information about the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-27 Kolby Nottingham , Alekhya Pyla , Sameer Singh , Roy Fox

This paper introduces a framework that integrates reinforcement learning (RL) with autonomous agents to enable continuous improvement in the automated process of software test cases authoring from business requirement documents within…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Mohanakrishnan Hariharan

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has emerged as a promising approach to enhance the performance of large language models (LLMs) in knowledge-intensive tasks such as those from medical domain. However, the sensitive nature of the medical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-15 Nghia Trung Ngo , Chien Van Nguyen , Franck Dernoncourt , Thien Huu Nguyen

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has gained significant attention in recent years for its potential to enhance natural language understanding and generation by combining large-scale retrieval systems with generative models. RAG…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Mingyue Cheng , Yucong Luo , Jie Ouyang , Qi Liu , Huijie Liu , Li Li , Shuo Yu , Bohou Zhang , Jiawei Cao , Jie Ma , Daoyu Wang , Enhong Chen

Large language models often encounter challenges with static knowledge and hallucinations, which undermine their reliability. Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) mitigates these issues by incorporating external information. However, user…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-11-21 Zhicong Li , Jiahao Wang , Zhishu Jiang , Hangyu Mao , Zhongxia Chen , Jiazhen Du , Yuanxing Zhang , Fuzheng Zhang , Di Zhang , Yong Liu

We study the problem of joint question answering (QA) and question generation (QG) in this paper. Our intuition is that QA and QG have intrinsic connections and these two tasks could improve each other. On one side, the QA model judges…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-08-07 Duyu Tang , Nan Duan , Tao Qin , Zhao Yan , Ming Zhou

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) grounds language models in factual evidence but introduces critical challenges regarding knowledge conflicts between internalized parameters and retrieved information. However, existing reliability…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Sunguk Shin , Meeyoung Cha , Byung-Jun Lee , Sungwon Park

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate robust capabilities across diverse research domains. However, their performance in universal information extraction (UIE) remains insufficient, especially when tackling structured output scenarios…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Zhongqiu Li , Shiquan Wang , Ruiyu Fang , Mengjiao Bao , Zhenhe Wu , Shuangyong Song , Yongxiang Li , Zhongjiang He

We present SQuAI (https://squai.scads.ai/), a scalable and trustworthy multi-agent retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) framework for scientific question answering (QA) with large language models (LLMs). SQuAI addresses key limitations of…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Ines Besrour , Jingbo He , Tobias Schreieder , Michael Färber

This paper addresses the problem of generating questions from a given context and an answer, specifically focusing on questions that require multi-hop reasoning across an extended context. Previous studies have suggested that key phrase…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Zehua Xia , Qi Gou , Bowen Yu , Haiyang Yu , Fei Huang , Yongbin Li , Cam-Tu Nguyen

In document-level event extraction (DEE) task, event arguments always scatter across sentences (across-sentence issue) and multiple events may lie in one document (multi-event issue). In this paper, we argue that the relation information of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-08 Yuan Liang , Zhuoxuan Jiang , Di Yin , Bo Ren

Large language models (LLMs) often struggle with knowledge intensive NLP tasks, such as answering "Who won the latest World Cup?" because the knowledge they learn during training may be insufficient or outdated. Conditioning generation on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Matthew Finlayson , Ilia Kulikov , Daniel M. Bikel , Barlas Oguz , Xilun Chen , Aasish Pappu

Closed-book question answering (QA) requires a model to directly answer an open-domain question without access to any external knowledge. Prior work on closed-book QA either directly finetunes or prompts a pretrained language model (LM) to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-28 Dan Su , Mostofa Patwary , Shrimai Prabhumoye , Peng Xu , Ryan Prenger , Mohammad Shoeybi , Pascale Fung , Anima Anandkumar , Bryan Catanzaro